Economic Tertiarization and Global Tourism Dynamics

Tertiarization and Transport Systems

Tertiarization (Economic Sector) is the process in which the service sector gains prominence over other sectors, both in terms of the workforce and its contribution to GDP. Transport is the activity that moves people and goods between different countries. We find different modes: land, sea, or air.

Understanding Transport Networks

Transport Networks are systems of transport consisting of the spatial organization of three elements: paths (lines, rail, sea, or air connecting places of origin and destination), nodes (attraction flows that are often found in urban areas), and flow (the movement of people and goods).

Accessibility and Sustainable Infrastructure

Accessibility is the degree of difficulty in reaching a place from a different point. It depends on distance and transport services. Distance can be complex, involving spatial, economic, personal, and temporary factors if it references different cultures.

Greenways are a Ministry of the Environment project initiated in 1992. It aims to transform uneconomical tracks closed to traffic into ecological leisure routes. The idea is to meet the demand for tourist and cultural purposes while promoting sustainable development in those areas.

Logistics and Intermodal Transport

Intermodal transport utilizes the container system. Once loaded, it forms a "unit load" to be transported without direct access to the goods inside.

Tourism and Its Economic Evolution

Tourism originated in the 18th century when young British travelers began traveling by train. In Spain, tourism was historically tied to "sun and sand" and spa destinations.

Environmental Impact and Balearization

Balearization: Initially, tourism development was disordered, causing excessively high consumption of resources such as water and soil. Waste production was very high, destroying the landscape, especially along the coast.

Business Models in the Tourism Industry

• Chain: A set of operations under the same company or direction.
• Extra-hotel Employment: Accommodation offers complementary to hotels, such as campsites and apartments.
• Overbooking: This occurs when the offer is superior to the demand for airplane flights or hotel bookings.
• Teleoperator: A company that provides phone or television services.

Tour Packages and Market Seasonality

Tour Packages are commercialized products sold as a single unit containing two or more touristic services (accommodation, maintenance/board, and transportation). The consumer pays a price and is not able to establish a single price for each individual service provided.

Seasonality is the concentration of touristic demand in certain months of the year. In Spain, demand peaks in the summer months due to the predominance of sun and beach tourism.

Franchises and Standardized Commercialization

Franchises are chains of establishments belonging to different companies where one party grants permission to exploit a brand or commercial concept in exchange for payment. This gives them a standardized personality. Smaller companies take advantage of the benefits of collective purchasing and unique advertising campaigns.