Earth's Layers and Systems: Composition and Properties

1. What are the innermost layers of Earth?

The inner core is the innermost physical layer of the Earth. The core is the innermost chemical layer.

2. What evidence indicates that the outer core is liquid?

Evidence from earthquake waves indicates that the outer core is liquid.

3. How does Earth generate a magnetic field?

It surrounds Earth.

4. Compare the lithosphere and the asthenosphere

The lithosphere is a rigid layer. The asthenosphere is a plastic layer.

5. How is the crust different from the mantle?

The mantle has more iron. The crust is less dense than the mantle.

6. What are the four layers of the mantle?

• Lithosphere
• Asthenosphere
• Uppermost mantle
• Lower mantle

7. Which layer of the mantle has the greatest pressure? Explain

The lower mantle because pressure increases as layers get farther from the surface.

8. How do scientists use earthquake waves to study Earth's interior?

Scientists can study the three types of waves released by earthquakes.

9. What force caused the planets to take shape?

The force of gravity.

10. Why do the outer planets continue to revolve around the Sun?

Its gravitational pull affects planets that are millions of miles away.

11. Identify Earth's major systems

• Atmosphere
• Hydrosphere
• Cryosphere
• Geosphere
• Biosphere

12. Which Earth system is farthest away from the center of Earth?

The atmosphere.

13. What is gravity?

It is the force that every object exerts on all other objects based on their masses (gravitation in general).

14. What factors affect the strength of the gravitational force between objects?

The mass of the objects and the distance between them affects it.

15. How has the force of gravity affected the shape of the Earth?

The Earth was originally engraved with depraved slogans, but those were worn off by the pressure of gravity. Removal of engravings is why they call it gravity.

16. Classify Earth's layers based on physical properties

The state of physical properties is solid that will make up the crust, mantle, and inner core. For the liquid, it would be the outer core.

17. How does Earth generate a magnetic field?

The inner core rotates faster, and the magnetic pulse allows to produce the field around the planet.

18. Name the elements that make the crust denser under mountains

Iron and magnesium.

19. Name the elements that are commonly found in the rocks that make up the continental crust

The continental crust that is less dense: silicon and oxygen.

20. How does oceanic crust differ from continental crust?

Oceanic crust is denser and much thinner than continental crust, and it also contains heavier elements.

21. What is a scientific observation?

It is a notation of a fact or an occurrence during a scientific study.

22. Have humans ever collected samples of Earth's core? Why?

No, because it's much too deep within Earth.