Uses of DNA Technology in Key Sectors

DNA technology refers to laboratory techniques that allow combining DNA from different origins, even from different species, into a single DNA molecule. Typically, only a few genes are transferred to other cells.

Applications of DNA Technology

In Agriculture

DNA technology has already been applied to many plants, producing new varieties with improved characteristics:

Protection against certain pests: These plants manufacture proteins or substances that protect them from attack by insects, diseases, or viruses. Herbicide resistance: Crops are not affected by herbicides, allowing for easier weed removal. Improved food characteristics: Producing foods with better characteristics or that are healthier. Increased tolerance to adverse conditions: Obtaining plants that can grow in situations of severe temperature, drought, or salinity is very important for areas that are now unproductive. New applications: Biodegradable plastics (bioplastics) are currently being developed from plant substances.

In Environmental Management

Microorganisms modified by DNA technology are used for environmental cleanup:

Wastewater treatment: Bacteria can degrade organic matter and also remove phosphates and nitrates from agricultural and urban discharges. Elimination of oil: Bacteria and fungi have been used that are able to degrade hydrocarbons and transform them into less polluting compounds. Elimination of heavy metals: Certain microorganisms are able to accumulate toxic metals like mercury or lead without suffering damage.

In Medicine

DNA technology has revolutionized the production of therapeutic substances:

Antibiotics: Over time, antibiotics become less effective as bacteria develop resistance. DNA technology has allowed us to modify the genes of some organisms to produce more effective antibiotics. Human insulin: The molecule produced in bacteria is identical to that produced in the human pancreas, thereby avoiding the allergy problems that animal insulin could cause. Growth hormone: This hormone occurs in the pituitary gland, and its deficiency causes dwarfism. Growth hormone is now produced using DNA technology. Factor VIII: This is a protein in the blood involved in clotting. Persons with hemophilia lack the gene that produces Factor VIII and therefore have coagulation problems. Previously, people with hemophilia received Factor VIII through transfusions of blood from donors. It is currently obtained through genetic engineering. Vaccines and Antibodies: Includes vaccines for Hepatitis A and B, and some therapeutic antibodies.