Detailed Human Anatomy: Muscles, Nerves, and Brain Structures

Classified in Biology

Written on November 22, 2025 in English with a size of 12.15 KB

Muscles of the Head and Neck

Facial Muscles

Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Nasalis
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Levator labii superioris
Levator anguli oris
Orbicularis oris
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Mentalis
Buccinator
Occipitalis

Muscles of Mastication

Masseter
Temporalis

Neck Muscles

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
- Origin: Sternum and clavicle
- Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: CN XI (Accessory nerve)
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Scalenes

Anatomy of the Eye

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Superior rectus: CN III (Oculomotor nerve)
Inferior rectus: CN III (Oculomotor nerve)
Lateral rectus: CN VI (Abducens nerve)
Medial rectus: CN III (Oculomotor nerve)
Superior oblique: CN IV (Trochlear nerve)
Inferior oblique: CN III (Oculomotor nerve)
Levator palpebrae superioris

Internal Anatomy of the Eye

Fibrous Tunic
- Cornea
- Sclera
Vascular Tunic (Uvea)
- Iris
- Pupil
- Ciliary body
- Lens
- Choroid
Sensory Tunic (Retina)
- Retina
- Optic disc
- Optic nerve (CN II)

Muscles of the Torso, Back, and Upper Limb

Anterior Thorax

Pectoralis major
- Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and ribs
- Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
- Origin: Ribs
- Insertion: Scapula
Intercostals

Abdomen

Anterior rectus sheath
Linea alba
External oblique
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique
Posterior rectus sheath
Transverse abdominis
Diaphragm
- Nerve: Phrenic nerve from C3-C5

Posterior Thorax and Back

Trapezius
- Origin: Occipital bone and spinous processes C7-T12
- Insertion: Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: CN XI (Accessory nerve)
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae: N - Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor: N - Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid major: N - Dorsal scapular nerve
Erector spinae group
- Iliocostalis group
- Longissimus group
- Spinalis group

Shoulder and Arm

Deltoid
- Origin: Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula
- Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Axillary nerve
Biceps brachii
- Origin: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle; Short head: coracoid process
- Insertion: Radial tuberosity
- Action: Flexes forearm, flexes shoulder, and supination
- Nerve: Musculocutaneous nerve
Coracobrachialis: N - Musculocutaneous nerve
Brachialis
Supraspinatus
- Origin: Supraspinous fossa
- Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus
- Origin: Infraspinous fossa
- Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Suprascapular nerve
Teres minor
Teres major
- Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
- Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Triceps brachii
- Origin: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head: lateral and posterior surface of humerus; Medial head: posterior surface of humerus
- Insertion: Olecranon process
- Action: Extends elbow and extends shoulder
- Nerve: Radial nerve

Forearm

Brachioradialis: N - Radial nerve
Flexor carpi radialis: N - Median nerve
Palmaris longus: N - Median nerve
Flexor carpi ulnaris: N - Ulnar nerve
Pronator teres: N - Median nerve
Flexor digitorum superficialis: N - Median nerve
Flexor digitorum profundus: N - Median nerve
Flexor pollicis longus: N - Median nerve
Extensor carpi radialis longus: N - Radial nerve
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: N - Radial nerve
Extensor digitorum: N - Radial nerve
Extensor digiti minimi: N - Deep radial nerve
Extensor carpi ulnaris: N - Deep radial nerve
Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles

Muscles of the Lower Limb

Anterior and Medial Thigh

Iliopsoas
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
Gracilis: N - Obturator nerve
Adductor longus: N - Obturator nerve
Pectineus: N - Femoral nerve
Adductor magnus: N - Obturator nerve (small amount of Tibial nerve innervation)
Adductor brevis: N - Obturator nerve
Sartorius
- Origin: ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
- Insertion: Medial proximal tibia
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Femoral nerve
Quadriceps femoris
- Rectus femoris
  - Origin: AIIS (Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
  - Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity
  - Action: (Not specified)
  - Nerve: Femoral nerve
- Vastus lateralis
  - Origin: Greater trochanter
  - Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity
  - Action: (Not specified)
  - Nerve: Femoral nerve
- Vastus intermedius
  - Origin: Anterior femur
  - Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity
  - Action: (Not specified)
  - Nerve: Femoral nerve
- Vastus medialis
  - Origin: Posterior femur
  - Insertion: Patella and tibial tuberosity
  - Action: (Not specified)
  - Nerve: Femoral nerve

Gluteal Region

Gluteus maximus
- Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
- Insertion: Posterior proximal femur and ITB (Iliotibial band)
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus medius
- Origin: Ilium
- Insertion: Greater trochanter
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus minimus: N - Superior gluteal nerve
Piriformis
Superior gemellus
Inferior gemellus
Quadratus femoris

Posterior Thigh (Hamstrings)

Biceps femoris
- Origin: Long head: ischial tuberosity; Short head: posterior femur (linea aspera)
- Insertion: Fibular head
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Tibial nerve (long head), Fibular nerve (short head)
Semitendinosus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Tibial nerve
Semimembranosus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia
- Action: (Not specified)
- Nerve: Tibial nerve

Leg

Tibialis anterior: N - Deep fibular nerve
Extensor hallucis longus: N - Deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum longus: N - Deep fibular nerve
Extensor hallucis brevis: N - Deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum brevis: N - Deep fibular nerve
Gastrocnemius: N - Tibial nerve
Soleus: N - Tibial nerve
Plantaris: N - Tibial nerve
Tibialis posterior: N - Tibial nerve
Flexor digitorum longus: N - Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus: N - Tibial nerve

Spinal Cord Anatomy

Spinal cord
Cervical enlargement
Lumbar enlargement
Conus medullaris
Cauda equina
Filum terminale
Dorsal root
Dorsal root ganglion
Ventral root
Spinal nerve
Dorsal ramus
Ventral ramus
Posterior white column
Lateral white column
Anterior white column
Dorsal horn
Lateral horn
Ventral horn

Brain Anatomy

Meninges and Dural Folds

Dura mater
- Falx cerebri
- Falx cerebelli
- Tentorium cerebelli

Brain Stem

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Diencephalon

Pineal gland
Thalamus
Mammillary body
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Lobes
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
Sulci, Gyri, and Other Structures
- Central sulcus
- Precentral gyrus (primary motor area)
- Broca's motor area
- Postcentral gyrus (primary somatic sensory area)
- Gustatory area
- Lateral sulcus
- Parieto-occipital sulcus
- Corpus callosum
- Fornix
- Septum pellucidum
Ventricles
- Third ventricle
- Cerebral aqueduct
- Fourth ventricle

Cranial Nerves

Olfactory (CN I): Sensory, olfaction (smell)
Optic (CN II): Sensory, vision
Oculomotor (CN III): Motor, eye movement (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique)
Trochlear (CN IV): Motor, eye movement (superior oblique)
Trigeminal (CN V): Sensory to face, motor to muscles of mastication
Abducens (CN VI): Motor, eye movement (lateral rectus)
Facial (CN VII): Motor to muscles of facial expression and lacrimation; sensory taste to anterior tongue
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII): Sensory, equilibrium, and hearing
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX): Sensory taste to posterior tongue, and motor for swallowing
Vagus (CN X): Sensory and motor to the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Accessory (CN XI): Motor to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
Hypoglossal (CN XII): Motor to the tongue

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