Deforestation: Causes, Effects, and Conservation Measures

Causes of Deforestation

• Procuring land for cultivation
• Building houses and factories
• Making furniture, using wood as fuel
• Natural causes such as forest fires and droughts

Effects of Deforestation

• Increase in atmospheric temperature due to increased carbon dioxide concentration, leading to global warming
• Severe droughts and floods
• Changes in soil nature, water holding capacity, and soil erosion, leading to desertification
• Destruction of wildlife habitat, making survival difficult

Conservation Measures

Biosphere

The part of the earth that supports life.

Biodiversity

The variety of organisms on earth, their interrelationships, and their relationship with the environment.

Flora and Fauna

Plants found in a particular area (flora) and animals found in a particular area (fauna).

Endemic Species

Species of plants and animals found exclusively in a particular area.

Species

A group of populations with common characteristics that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

Biosphere Reserve

A protected area for conserving biodiversity and culture, often including national parks and sanctuaries.

Wildlife Sanctuary

A protected area for wild animals, where killing or capturing is prohibited.

National Park

A large and diverse protected area that preserves flora, fauna, landscape, and historic objects.

Endangered Animals

Animals whose numbers are declining to the point of extinction.

Ecosystem

All living and nonliving components of an environment, such as plants, animals, climate, and soil.

Red Data Book

A record of endangered animals and plants.

Migration

The movement of a species from its habitat to another for a specific purpose, such as breeding.

Reforestation

Replanting trees in destroyed forests.