Data Visualization: Types and Applications of Graphics

Data Visualization: Types and Applications

Graphics are a visual representation of data, prioritizing simplicity, easy interpretation, and adherence to standards.

Classification of Graphics

• Structural graphics: Representing a single set of data.
• Relational graphics: Connecting two sets of data.
• Special graphics.

Types of Graphics

• Organizational Charts: Represent the structure of an organization.
• Classification Plans: Represent elements of a total set, subdivided into smaller subsets. These can be square or pyramidal.
• Schedules: Use current statistics, ordering data over time to identify peaks and trends.
• Histograms: Represent class intervals or monthly values, highlighting extreme values.
• Function Tables: Establish mutual relationships between two sets of elements.
• Statistical Graphics: Often based on tables showing the frequency of events.
• Segment Graphs: Indicate the first position in each element's frequency, connecting points with lines.
• Bar Graphs: Represent each value with a vertical line from the x-axis or a bar proportional to the value. Bars can be vertical or horizontal (as in Gantt charts).
• Column Graphs: Represent two fully ordered sets of data.
• Band Graphs: Similar to column graphs.

Surface Graphs

Represent magnitudes proportionally to the total figure in different categories:

• Rectangular: Maintaining one dimension constant while dividing the other proportionally to each element's value.
• Semicircular.
• Circular: Representing parts of a whole.
• Snail Graphs: Using concentric circles to represent values, useful for visualizing large datasets.
• Triangular: Using an equilateral triangle to represent three values, subdividing the triangle proportionally.
• Square: Representing four magnitudes, where the sum of two pairs of values should be equal.
• Multidimensional: Using polygons to compare personalities or aptitudes.
• Saw-Tooth Graphs: Used for controlling entry, exit, and stock levels, aiding in volume management and order placement. Optimal volume is determined by purchase price, storage, and handling costs. The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula considers purchase price, overhead costs, and costs until sale or placement.