Cultural Differences: Dimensions and Examples

Cultural Dimensions and Their Impact

High and Low Power Distance Index (PDI) Examples

• German Discussion & Beer: Germans tend to have strong opinions.
• Boss in Malaysia: The boss is apparently always right.
• Information is power: Characteristic of High PDI.
• The communication flow: Characteristic of Low PDI.
• Respect, power: Characteristic of Low PDI.
• People may: Characteristic of Low PDI.
• Avoid anything: Characteristic of Low PDI.
• Promotion may: Characteristic of High PDI.
• Managers: Characteristic of High PDI.
• Seeing: Characteristic of Low PDI.
• Your work: Characteristic of High PDI.

Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV) Examples

• Praise and reward: Characteristic of High IDV.
• Focus on relationship: Characteristic of High IDV.
• People will: Characteristic of High IDV.
• Take responsibility: Characteristic of High IDV.
• Lifetime: Characteristic of High IDV.
• Taking individual: Characteristic of High IDV.
• Your colleagues: Characteristic of Low IDV.
• People may strive: Characteristic of Low IDV.
• When making: Characteristic of Low IDV.

Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS) Examples

• Recognition of: Characteristic of High MAS.
• MBE (Management by Exception): Low PDI, High IDV, High MAS, Low UAI.
• MBO (Management by Objectives): Low PDI, High IDV, High MAS, Low UAI.
• Examples MBO: USA/UK.
• Management: Sweden, Norway.

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) Examples

• Sweden: No strict systems tend.
• Singapore low in UAI: It is a contradiction from a Western point of view.
• You may have: Characteristic of High UAI.
• Have a structured: Characteristic of High UAI.
• Ensure consistency: Characteristic of High UAI.
• Your students: Characteristic of High UAI.
• Don't ask: Characteristic of Low UAI.
• Be more willing: Characteristic of Low UAI.
• Being flexible: Characteristic of Low UAI.

Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation (LTO) Examples

• If Allah wants: It is the flip.
• Asian Pacific score high: In LTO.
• Being thrifty: Characteristic of High LTO.
• Truth may: Characteristic of High LTO.
• People may think: Characteristic of High LTO.
• Generalist: Characteristic of High LTO.
• People have an: Characteristic of Low LTO.

Indulgence vs. Restraint (IVR) Examples

• Expect need: Characteristic of High IVR.
• Communication: Characteristic of High IVR.

Cultural Observations Across Different Countries

• Greece: Negative feedback creates trust.
• Foreign Dutch degree of freedom: In the Netherlands.
• Chinese and Japanese analysis: They have a pragmatic culture.
• Japanese diplomat: The Japanese are sense-oriented.
• Anglo Saxons: They have less authority.
• Americans HQ: Wrong, Americans.
• English medical doctor: They are afraid.
• Dutch sales: They did not know the successor.
• In Oslo: Maternity leave.
• Spaniards bullfight: It is a way to.
• Divorce rate Italy: A divorce is.
• Italians keep their mobile: They are only called.
• American management: To German rules.
• Belgians joke Dutch: The Dutch are normally.
• Participative Management: Low PDI, High IDV, Low MAS, Low UAI.

Levels of Culture: Pyramid and Onion Models

Pyramid Model:

• Individual: Inherited and learned.
• Collective by group: Learned (Culture).
• Common to all mankind: Inherited.
• "Group" examples: Nation, profession, organization, family.

Onion Model (Cebolla):

• Symbols: Words, gestures, images.
• Heroes: Role models of society (alive or dead, fictional or real), cartoon figures, founders, discoverers.
• Rituals: Greetings, meetings, religion.
• Values: Core beliefs.

Organizational Culture Types

• Solar System Countries: Germany, China.
• Family Countries: Italy, India.
• Contest Countries: USA, China.