Cultural Concepts: Language, Religion, and Globalization
Classified in Geography
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Cultural Concepts
Popular Culture and Taboos
Soccer: Originating in the UK in 1863, soccer became a global phenomenon with standardized rules.
Taboos: Examples include pork (Islam), fish without scales or cloven-hoofed animals (Judaism), and cows (Hinduism).
Cultural Diversity: Often promoted by geographic isolation.
Internet Diffusion: Spread globally, primarily between 1995 and 2017.
Uniform Landscape: Exemplified by activities like golf, which create similar environments worldwide.
Cultural Landscape: The interaction between culture and the environment, resulting in modifications to the landscape.
Negative Effects of Popular Culture: Can threaten environmental quality.
Language
Lingua Franca: An international language used for communication (e.g., English).
Pidgin Language: A simplified combination of two languages.
Creole Language: A pidgin language that has evolved with more structure, vocabulary, and native speakers.
Dialects: Distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
Diffusion Theories: Renfrew's theory suggests spread through agricultural practices, while the Nomadic Warrior theory suggests spread through conquest.
Working Language: Used for daily communication.
Official Language: Used by the government.
| 1) Language Family | 2) Language Branch | 3) Language Group | 4) Dialect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Collection of languages with an ancestral connection (e.g., Indo-European). | Collection of languages within a family with some similarities (e.g., Germanic). | Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in recent history (e.g., West Germanic). | Regional variation of a language (e.g., British English and American English). |
Widely Spoken Indo-European Branches: Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Romance, Balto-Slavic.
Romance Branch: Evolved from Latin. Major languages include Spanish (437 million speakers), Portuguese (219 million), French (76 million), and Italian (63 million).
India's Major Language Families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Sino-Tibetan.
Religion
| 1) Branch | 2) Denomination | 3) Congregation | 4) Sect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Large division within a religion. | Unites local groups into a single body. | Local assembly of people brought together. | Small group that broke off from a larger group. |
Judaism: Originating in Israel, now found in Israel, Eastern Europe, and the USA.
Islam: Originating in Mecca, now found in the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast Asia.
Christianity: Originating in Israel (Jerusalem), now found in Europe, North and South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania.
Buddhism: Originating in Northeast India, now found in East Asia.
Hinduism: Originating in an unknown location, now found in India and Nepal.