Core Concepts in Entrepreneurship, Management, and Research Methods
Classified in Psychology and Sociology
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Theories Based on Entrepreneurial Personality Traits
Theory of Employer Benefit
This theory is based solely on the propensity for or aversion to risk. Individuals with risk aversion prefer stable jobs, while others take more risks.
Schumpeter's Theory
The entrepreneur is defined as an innovator—a person who carries out new combinations of the means of production.
Theory of Personality Traits
Focuses on identifying the personal characteristics or attributes of the entrepreneur.
Kirzner's Theory
The entrepreneur is characterized by their ability to identify business opportunities.
Socio-Cultural and Institutional Theories
Theory of Marginalization
Individuals decide to create their own company to break with a previous way of life. The creation of a business is a gateway for those who are marginalized, offering a certain social recognition.
Theory of Networks
The key skill lies in developing and maintaining professional networks.
Theory of the Incubator
Company projects are developed within or spin off from another existing company.
Theory of Entrepreneurial Behavior
This theory emphasizes several key abilities:
- Ability to identify and collect information.
- Risk management capacity.
- Ability to establish relationships.
- Capacity to make decisions under uncertainty.
- Leadership capacity.
Essential Social Skills and Management Abilities
Communication Skills
Speaking and expressing oneself with correctness and propriety.
Negotiating Skills
Presenting and defending one's own ideas before others.
Team Spirit
Working in close collaboration with others.
Group Acceptance and Solidarity
Accepting and assuming the decisions of the group or organization.
Leadership
The ability to guide and motivate.
Pioneers in Management and Organizational Theory
Henry Ford
Introduced the production chain and applied the principle of the division of labor, replacing human labor with specialized machines.
Max Weber
Applied the principles of bureaucracy and conceived of the company as an organization that should operate according to regularized procedures.
Elton Mayo
Developed the theory known as the Human Relations Theory.
Defining Teamwork
Teamwork is a way of organizing work that involves cooperating with others in a coordinated manner, leveraging the strengths of each member. Teams can be permanent or temporary.
Steps for Developing an Entrepreneurial Idea
Information Gathering and Assessment
Collect, organize, and assess relevant information.
Incubation, Illumination, or Inspiration Phase
The phase where the idea is developed.
Quantitative Research Methods
Quantitative research involves collecting objective and measurable data that allows for statistical treatment. This requires selecting a group of people, called a sample, which must be representative of the overall population.
Common Quantitative Tools: The Survey
Surveys can be conducted in person, via telephone, or through questionnaires. This method allows researchers to determine how many people might buy a specific product.