Core Concepts in Computing: Hardware, Software, and Networking Fundamentals
Classified in Computers
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Understanding Data, Processing, and System Components
Data Input and Storage
Text, numbers, graphics, videos, and sounds entered into a computer's memory during input operations are referred to as ________.
Data
Information Output
Data that has been processed and converted into information is known as ________.
Output
High-Capacity Computing Systems
A ________ is a computer found in large businesses, organizations, and government agencies where thousands of users must simultaneously use the data and resources of their institution.
Mainframe
Example of an Input Device
A ________ is an example of an input device.
Keyboard
Converting Physical to Digital Files
A ________ is a device that converts documents or photos into digital files so they can be saved on your computer.
Scanner
The Calculation Engine
The ________ performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and also makes logical and comparison decisions.
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
Keyboard Functionality Shortcuts
_______ keys provide shortcuts or increased functionality to the keyboard when used in combination with another key.
Control
Benefits of Multi-Core Processors
Which of the following is a feature of a computer system configured with a dual-core or quad-core processor?
Improved multitasking capabilities and system performance
Measuring Processor Speed
Clock speed is measured in ________.
Gigahertz
Monitor Display Quality
The number of pixels on a screen determines a monitor's ________.
Resolution
Printer Selection Criteria
When you select a ________, speed, resolution, and color output are all characteristics to consider.
Printer
Software Applications and Network Security
Programs for Specific Tasks
_______ are programs that accomplish specific tasks, such as word processing, photo editing, or sending email—enabling the computer to be used in a productive manner.
Application Software
Document Creation Software
________ software is a program that you can use to create, edit, print, and save documents.
Word Processing
Data Organization and Analysis Software
________ software is a program you can use to organize data in rows and columns, perform calculations, create charts, and perform numerical analyses.
Spreadsheet
Presentation Development Software
________ software is a program you can use to create dynamic slideshows and generate speaker notes and audience handouts.
Presentation
Malicious Code Definition
A ________ is malicious code or software designed to invade your computer system and change or destroy data without your knowledge and against your will.
Virus
Unauthorized Access Prevention
A ________ is a software program or hardware device that prevents unauthorized access to your computer.
Firewall
Restricted Access Networks
A(n) ________ is a network or part of a network in which access is restricted to authorized users only.
Intranet
Direct Node Communication
A type of network in which each node can communicate directly with the other is known as ________.
Peer to Peer
Defining a Computer System
A computer is a programmable electronic device that can input, process, output, and store data.
True