Constitution, Legislative Roles and Fundamental Rights

Constitution

Constitution: The fundamental rule, written or otherwise, of a sovereign state, established or accepted to govern it. The constitution sets limits and defines the relationship between state powers (powers that, in modern Western countries, are defined as legislative, executive and judicial) and between them and their citizens, thus establishing the basis for government and the organization of the institutions in which such powers are based. It also guarantees rights and freedoms to the people.

Deputy and Senator

Deputy: A deputy is a member of a Chamber of Deputies, House of Representatives, or, in general, a parliament. We refer to the lower house as the Chamber of Deputies, while the Senate is composed of senators. Deputies have the responsibility of representing the people and are elected by citizens in a free and secret vote.

Minister

A minister: A minister is a politician who heads a ministry or department (e.g., education, finance, health, interior, defense, etc.). Ministers belong to the Cabinet and are normally directed by a prime minister or president.

Sessions

Session: A session is a meeting of a council, presided over by one of its members elected as president, during which they discuss matters of concern to the council in accordance with the provisions in the minutes and the agenda. The agenda is formed by the reports of the various working committees, and decisions are voted on.

Preparatory Sessions

Preparatory Sessions: On February 24 each year, or the immediately preceding working day if it is a holiday, the Senate meets in preparatory sessions to designate authorities and to set the dates and times of regular sessions, which can be altered by decision in the House.

Special Sessions

Special sessions: They take place at any time between December 1 and February 28, perhaps because legislators have not finished certain matters, such as the budget law, or because of an emergency, state of siege, or federal intervention. (Subjects for which they were convened are not considered a separate item.)

Powers of the Joint Standing Committee

The powers of the Joint Standing Committee to decide on decrees:

1. Matters of necessity and urgency.
2. Legislative enactment.
3. Partial enactment of laws and decrees issued by the national executive.

The functions of the bicameral committee were those fulfilled during the congressional recess in the nation.

Characteristics of Rights

• Inherent: Because they are innate to all human beings without distinction; this assumes that we are born with them. These rights do not depend on recognition by the state.
• Inalienable: They cannot be waived; they belong inseparably to the very essence of being human. They cannot be separated from the person and, as such, cannot be transferred or surrendered under any title.
• Inviolable: No person or authority can legitimately act against them, except within just limits imposed in accordance with the requirements of the common good of society.
• Indivisible: There is no hierarchy among them; it is not permitted to place some rights above others or to sacrifice one right for another.
• Perpetual: They are not lost over time, whether they are used or not.