Concise English Grammar: Verb Tenses and Conditionals
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English Verb Tenses
Verb | Forms | Use |
Present Simple | I like music John gets up at 9 am. I don’t like music What time does he get up? | Habits and routines (always, usually, in the morning...) +smell, see, hear....+like, hate,... +have, belong, own... + believe, imagine, understand, feel |
Present Continuous | She is watching TV She isn’t watching TV Is she watching TV? | Actions happening now (at the moment, now) Future arrangements (tonight, tomorrow...) |
Past Simple | I was at school (IRREGULAR) He arrived at school (REGULAR) I wasn’t at school He didn’t arrive at school Were you at school? Did he arrive at school? | Actions completed in the past (ago, yesterday, last year,..) |
Past Continuous | I was eating an ice-cream I wasn’t eating an ice-cream Were you eating an ice-cream? | Actions happening at a moment in the past An action that was happening when something occurred |
Present Perfect | He has been in Ireland He hasn’t been in Ireland Has he been in Ireland? Have we seen Mary? | Unfinished actions Past actions with consequences now Past experiences (already, for, since, yet, just, ever) |
Past Perfect | The Police had already caught the thief Had you visited London before 1998? | Actions finished before another action in the past |
Be Going To | She is going to visit you I’m not going to study law Is it going to rain? | Plans and intentions Predictions, when there is evidence |
Future Simple | They will lose the race They won’t lose the race Will they lose the race? | Predictions Future facts (next week, in the future…) Promises and offers |
Conditional Sentences
0 Conditional: If it rains, I use an umbrella. GENERAL
If + present simple, present simple
1st Conditional: If it rains, I will stay at home. Possible
If + present simple, future will
2nd Conditional: If I were you, I would study hard for the exam. HYPOTHETICAL
If + past simple, conditional simple
Unless: a menys que..
Example: Unless you go to London, you won’t see the Big Ben
Even If: tot i que..
Example: Even if you go to London, you won’t meet the Queen
Passive Voice (Present and Past)
Passive verbs: verb to be + past participle
Active: Everyone finished this task
Passive: This task was finished by everyone
Relative Pronouns:
Which (things)
Who (people)
Whose (possessions)
That (things / people) ONLY DEFINING
When (time)
Where (place)
Whom (preposition + who)
Omitting Relative Pronouns:
The relative pronouns can be omitted when it isn’t the subject
Example: That’s the teacher (that) I liked
That’s the teacher that taught me maths