Comprehensive Guide to Transportation in India: Roads, Railways, and Pipelines

Q.9 What are border roads? Mention its Two importances.

Ans. Strategically important roads in The bordering areas of the country are called border roads. These roads are in The northern and northeastern border areas. Importance of Border roads: -

1) Border roads have improved Accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.2) They have helped in the economic Development of border areas.3) Used to supply military equipments to The borders of our country.

Q.10 State any four problems of Road transport in the country.Ans. Major problems are:i. Road transportation in India is Inadequate keeping in view the volume of traffic and passengers.Ii. About half of the roads are Un-mettal and this limits their usage during the rainy season.iii. The National Highways are Inadequate too.Iv. Moreover, the roadways are highly Congested in citiesv. Most of the bridges and culverts are Old and narrow.

Q.11 Describe the importance of Railways In India.Ans. Indian Railways has beeni. The principal mode of transportation For freight and passengers in India.Ii. Suitable for long distance travel.Iii. Conduct of multiple activities like Business, sightseeing, and pilgrimage along with transportation of goods.Iv. Plays an important role of national Integration.V. Bind the economic life of the country As well as accelerate the development of the industry and agriculture.Vi. The largest public sector Undertaking in the country.

Q.12 Describe the factors which Influence the distribution pattern of Railway network in India.Ans. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the country has been largely influenced by physiographic, Economic and administrative factors.

i. The density railway network is high In the northern plains because they are vast level land, have high population Density and rich agricultural resources. But, a large number of rivers create Obstacles because it requires construction of bridges across their wide beds.Ii. In the hilly terrains of the Peninsular region, railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or tunnels Therefore it difficult to construct railway lines.Iii. The Himalayan mountainous regions Are unfavourable for the construction of railway lines due to high relief, Sparse population and lack of economic opportunities.Iv. It is difficult to lay railway lines On the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand.V. Sinking of track in some areas and Land slides makes it difficult for railways.

Q.13 Mention some of the problems faced By the Indian Railways.Ans. Rail transport in our country Suffer from certain problems such as -i. Many passengers travel without Tickets.Ii. Thefts and damaging of railway Property has not yet stopped completely.Iii. People stop the trains, pull the Chain unnecessarily and this causes heavy damage to the railway.

Q.14 Describe the importance of Pipelines in India.Ans. Pipelines are important for -i. They are used for transporting crude Oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil fields and natural gas fields To refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants.Ii. Solids can also be transported Through a pipeline when converted into slurry.Ii. Because of pipelines, refineries at Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and gas based fertilizer plants, could be located in The interiors of India.Iv. Initial cost of laying pipelines is High but subsequent running costs are minimal.V. Pipelines rules out trans-shipment (during transportation) losses or delays.

Q.15 Name three important networks of Pipeline transportation in the countryAns. The 3 important network of Pipelines are -i. Pipeline from oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh).Ii. Pipeline from Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab,iii. Pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh.

Q.16 Mention the importance of water Transport.Ans. Water transport is important for -i. Waterways are the cheapest means of Transport.Ii. They are most suitable for carrying Heavy and bulky goods.Iii. It is a fuel-efficient and Environment friendly mode of transport.