Comparative Religion: Paths to Enlightenment and Salvation

Daoism: The Way of Harmony

Dao means “way” or “path”. In Daoism, it is the primary source of the cosmos, the very ground of all being; therefore, Ch’i (breath, force, power, material energy) embodies the idea of the cosmos. However, Wu Wei (actionless action) seemingly contradicts Dao because these actions don't appear as a defined path or way one might traditionally follow to reach a final destination.

Buddhism: Paths to Enlightenment

Theravada Buddhism

Theravada Buddhism is considered more traditional, with the goal being to become an Arhat (a perfected saint).

Mahayana Buddhism

Mahayana Buddhism is more fluid, with the goal being to become a bodhisattva, a guide to Nirvana.

Both are the two most practiced forms of Buddhism. Mahayana saw Buddha as a savior, whereas Theravada saw Buddha as a teacher or saint.

Sikhism: Blending Hinduism and Islam

Sikhism blends Hinduism and Islam by taking concepts from both religions. Like Hinduism, Sikhism believes in Samsara, the cycle of rebirth and death. However, Sikhism is monotheistic (belief in one God), like Islam.

Buddhist Principles

The Four Noble Truths

Everything is Dukka (suffering).
Dukka comes from Tanha (attachment).
Ceasing of Dukka is possible.
The Eight-Fold Path leads to the cessation of Dukka.

The Four Noble Truths answer the question of how to end suffering or dukka.

Paths to Liberation

Karma Yoga: The path of selfless action, is socially active for those who prefer to seek liberation through daily tasks.
Jnana Yoga: For intellectual, philosophical types to attain knowledge over ignorance.
Bhakti Yoga: For emotional followers who choose to worship a deity.

Christianity: The Way of Jesus

Jesus intended to reform Judaism. The “way” is universal; the Holy Spirit spreads the “way” to all people. Jesus says the Torah is not bad but offers a deeper observance. Jesus teaches through parables.

Comparing Religious Approaches

Sikhism

Problem: Haumai (self-reliance or pride). Self-centered rather than godly.
Solution: Live according to hukam (divine order), ethical behavior.
How we should live: Khalsa (pure ones).

Buddhism

Problem: Dukka and Tanha (suffering and attachment).
Solution: Understand the Four Noble Truths and follow the Eightfold Path.
How we should live: Recognize the cause of dukka, be mindful, and resist attachment.

Islam: The Significance of Shahadah

Shahadah is the daily profession of faith in Islam. It states: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” It is significant to Muslims because it is one of the five pillars of Islam.

ive pillars of Islam.