Common Diseases and Disorders: A Concise Guide
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Common Diseases and Disorders
Circulatory System
Arteriosclerosis
Cholesterol plaque build-up in the internal walls of arteries.
Aneurysm
Abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel.
Varicose Veins
Dilated veins.
Anemia
Decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin.
Leukemia
Excessive increase in white blood cells.
Hemophilia
Absence of proteins in blood plasma.
Thrombosis
Formation of a blood clot inside an artery.
Urinary System
Renal Failure
Insufficient filtration of blood at the Malpighian glomeruli (kidney filters).
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder.
Kidney Stones
Solid structures caused by the build-up of substances normally dissolved in urine.
Nervous System
Alzheimer's Disease
Destruction of neurons in the cerebral cortex.
Parkinson's Disease
Involuntary trembling.
Multiple Sclerosis
Myelin sheath and neurons destroy each other, which slows down nerve impulses.
ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis)
Neuromuscular disorder causing paralysis and eventually death.
Schizophrenia
Lack of coordination between thoughts, feelings, and actions, often accompanied by hallucinations.
Depression
Anxiety, sense of failure, and general lack of interest.
Epilepsy
Seizures and loss of consciousness.
Narcolepsy
Autoimmune disease characterized by excessive sleepiness and hallucinations.
Endocrine System
Diabetes
The pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin, or the body isn't able to use it efficiently, leading to increased blood sugar levels.
Hypothyroidism/Hyperthyroidism
Thyroid gland not producing enough thyroxine, reducing the rate of metabolic activity (hypothyroidism) / Overproduction of thyroxine, increasing the rate of metabolic activity (hyperthyroidism).
Sensory System
Astigmatism
Defective curvature of the lens causing a deformed image on the retina.
Myopia (Nearsightedness)
The eyeball is too long, and the focus isn't formed correctly, resulting in a blurry image.
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
The eyeball is too short, and the image of nearby objects isn't formed correctly.
Presbyopia
Loss of ability to focus and produce a clear image of nearby objects.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane lining the eyelids).
Cataracts
The lens becomes opaque, blocking the passage of light.
Otitis
Inflammation of the ear.
Other Systems
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by an alteration of the immune system.
Arthritis
Inflammation of the joints.
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bone mass.
Gastritis
Irritation and inflammation of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining).
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver.
Gastroenteritis
Intestinal infection caused by bacteria.
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix, causing intense pain, vomiting, and fever.
Diarrhea
Food travels through the large intestine too fast due to intense and rapid contractions.