Coercive Diplomacy, Deterrence, Terrorism, and Infrastructure
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Coercive Diplomacy and Deterrence
Coercive diplomacy and deterrence share several similarities. For instance, they both rely on the use or promise of force to achieve a specific objective. Coercive diplomacy acts as a deterrent as it seeks to stop a group, state, or non-state actor from behaving undesirably. Successful deterrence and coercive diplomacy should have a show of power and a high level of certainty that the promise of force will become enforced when the need arises. The emergence of nuclear weapons has shielded countries from becoming the victims of coercive diplomacy as all nuclear powers have the same amount of strength (Levy 538). It has also deterred the atomic powers from confronting each other directly as it would lead to total annihilation of both parties.
Terrorism and its Motivations
Terrorism refers to the indiscriminate use of violence to instill fear in society to achieve ideological, religious, political, and financial gains. Unlike political violence that seeks to attain only political goals, terrorism mainly aims to achieve various ideological goals, especially religious ones. Asymmetric power relations force groups to adopt terrorism as a form of tactic as they have limited resources to engage their enemies in conventional warfare (McCauley and Moskalenko 416). Marginalization of groups of people forces them to adopt acts of terror as a way of creating attention to their grievances while ideology forces individuals to use violence as a way of enforcing their beliefs.
Critical Infrastructure and Technology
The advancements in technology have enabled governments to use information and communication technologies to link the various parts of the economy such as the water, energy, and cyber security with other sectors of security to improve accountability. Accounting for critical infrastructures such as energy, water, and cybersecurity shows that they form the backbone of the economy and that any disruption in these areas could plunge the country into chaos (Clemente 6). The resilience of critical infrastructure creates a lot of bureaucracy in the water, energy and cyber security sectors which might hinder the efficient provision of services.