Civil Disobedience and Ethical Humanism: Principles of Justice

Martin Luther King Jr.'s Philosophy of Non-Violence

In Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail," natural laws are described as being created under the universal moral law, or in this case, the law of God. These truths were originated to be the essentials of what makes us human. However, unjust laws were made to create unequal treatment between two groups of our society: the rich and the poor. Therefore, favoring one side to become superior while the other side is weakened. Civil disobedience is refusing to comply with the government's commands, in which facing the consequences will likely occur. Rather than submitting to unjust laws, King used the acts of civil disobedience to achieve seemingly impossible goals. Furthermore, these acts were meant to be non-violent, as he committed to protesting with no use of harm or threats in the process.

One of King's principles of non-violence which stood out to me was the principle that believed that the universe was on the side of justice. I agree; the principle explains to us that we should have a deeper faith in justice, which could eventually win one day. Nevertheless, justice is inevitable, and when there is a downfall, we will rise once again.

Confucianism and the Concept of Ren

In Confucianism, Ethical Humanism is based on our human intelligence, and it is capable of promoting human welfare as well as dignity. Not to mention, our intelligence can comply with our essential human nature. Within the Chinese conception of Ethical Humanism is the cultivation of *Ren*. *Ren* is a Chinese word that can be translated in many ways—virtue, humanness—however, it is known as benevolence in Confucius' philosophical teachings. Furthermore, *Ren* is a virtue that implies love, compassion, and empathy for others, in which it relies heavily on relationships. This form of empathy helps us understand more about others—giving ourselves a sense to fight for the good of others. Thus, Confucius believes *Ren* can give us an everlasting unity if done correctly.

Doctors Without Borders: An Example of Ren in Action

Doctors Without Borders is a private international organization that embodies these principles. The organization specializes in providing lifesaving medical care to those who are in need around the world. I believe the principle of *Ren* can be related to the organization's motive: fighting for the medical safety of others globally. Every day, they do not only try to save others by listening to their medical struggles but also find ways to help improve the quality of the care for future needs.