Chilean Legal Standards, Nationality and Government Institutions

Legal Standards

Regulating: the behaviors allowed, restricted or banned.

Enacted: the legislative body empowered to do so.

Must follow: members of the political community united by the social and political pact establishing the state.

First respondent: in the courts of justice.

Sanction: those determined by law.

Purpose: To achieve the common good.

Nationality

Ways of acquiring:

• Soil (jus soli)
• Blood (jus sanguinis)
• Letter of naturalization
• By grace

Ways to lose: choice: become citizen of another country; serving the enemy in wartime; cancellation of the letter of naturalization; by law to revoke the naturalization.

Ways to get it by grace: by law.

Citizenship

Ways of acquiring: by nationality; at 18 years of age without conviction or penal sentence.

Ways to lose: interdiction for insanity; conviction for crime or penalty; terrorist behavior; sanction of the Constitutional Court.

To recover (forms): serving the sentence; by Senate rehabilitation.

Key Officials

• National Public Prosecutor, Ministry of Chile: Sabas Chahuán
• President Chamber of Deputies: Rodrigo Alvarez
• Chairman Senate: Jovino Novoa

Nation

Nation means: the persons united by culture, traditions and common history. Part of the nation is a sense of belonging to the family and love of country. The nation should be organized across the state to exercise authority and power.

Status

Status: is the nation organized. It is the legal personification of a human group that lives within a common territory, with individuals associated under the same authority (government) and a goal that binds all.

Government

Government means: the persons who wield political power, including institutions and agencies. It is therefore part of the state.

Sovereignty

Sovereignty: faculty of the state to make decisions.

Constitution and Sectors

The constitution states that the nation is made up of different sectors that the state should seek to integrate harmoniously.

Government Types

Autocratic

Authoritarianism: one leader — example: Hitler.

Totalitarianism: one-party rule — examples: Stalin, Lenin.

Democratic

• Representatives chosen by popular vote
• Division of powers
• Majority rule
• Multiparty politics
• Rule of law
• Respect for human rights
• Peaceful methods of conflict resolution
• High degree of citizen participation