Chemical Bonding and Gas Laws: Formulas and Principles

Classified in Chemistry

Written at March 8, 2025 on English with a size of 2.79 KB.

Bonding

Formal Charge: # Valence Electrons - (Nonbonding Electrons + 1/2 Bonding Electrons)

Gases

STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure (273 K or 0°C and 1 atm)

Ideal Gas Law

R = 0.0821 atm x L / (mol x K)

Pressure (P): Always in atm
- 760 mmHg = 1 atm
- 760 Torr = 1 atm
- 101,326 Pascal = 1 atm
Temperature (T): Always in Kelvin
# of Moles (n)
Volume (V): Always in Liters

Boyle's Law

Occurs when T and n are constant.

Charles's Law

Occurs when P and n are constant.

Avogadro's Law

Occurs when P and T are constant.

Gay-Lussac's Law

Occurs when V and n are constant.

Combined Gas Law

n is constant.

Test

a) Valence Electrons for Na⁺ = 0
b) Which of the following does not have an octet around the central atom: BCl₃
d) A triple bond has a bond order of: 3
c) Least electronegative element: At
d) Triple bond shares __ electrons: 6
e) Covalent bond where both electrons originate from the same atom: Coordinate covalent bond
e) Molecules with 120-degree bond angles: Trigonal Planar
c) SF₄ has the following shape: See-saw
b) Formal charge of O: +1
b) Molecule with two lone pairs around the central atom: XeF₄
a) Molecule with no permanent dipole: SO₃
c) Ethene molecule results from the overlapping of: 2 unhybridized p orbitals
c) Covalent bonds are formed between: Two atoms with high electron affinities and high ionization energies
e) Bond order is: (# of bonding electrons - # of antibonding electrons) / 2
b) Lewis acid? BF₃
c) Atomic orbital hybridization that does not result in exactly equivalent bonds: sp³d
c) 1800 Torr (6 + 2 = 8, 6/8 = 0.75, 0.75 x 2400 = 1800)
e) In Boyle's law, the pressure increases as the volume decreases because: Gas particles strike the walls of the container.
e) Statements about Nitrogen: Triple bond, Between two nonmetals, Nonpolar covalent, Rearrangement of electrons (All)
b) 1.77 L
b) 0.717 g/L
b) Of the following gases, ___ has the greatest effusion at a given temperature: CH₄
a) Valence bond theory does not address the issue of: Excited states of molecules
c) A triple bond consists of: 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
d) The only molecule listed with unpaired electrons is: O₂
PV = nRT, 1) Solve for n, and having n, convert it to grams of NH₃.