Chemical Bonding and Gas Laws: Formulas and Principles
Classified in Chemistry
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Bonding
Formal Charge: # Valence Electrons - (Nonbonding Electrons + 1/2 Bonding Electrons)
Gases
STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure (273 K or 0°C and 1 atm)
Ideal Gas Law
R = 0.0821 atm x L / (mol x K)
- Pressure (P): Always in atm
- 760 mmHg = 1 atm
- 760 Torr = 1 atm
- 101,326 Pascal = 1 atm
- Temperature (T): Always in Kelvin
- # of Moles (n)
- Volume (V): Always in Liters
Boyle's Law
Occurs when T and n are constant.
Charles's Law
Occurs when P and n are constant.
Avogadro's Law
Occurs when P and T are constant.
Gay-Lussac's Law
Occurs when V and n are constant.
Combined Gas Law
n is constant.
Test
- a) Valence Electrons for Na+ = 0
- b) Which of the following does not have an octet around the central atom: BCl3
- d) A triple bond has a bond order of: 3
- c) Least electronegative element: At
- d) Triple bond shares __ electrons: 6
- e) Covalent bond where both electrons originate from the same atom: Coordinate covalent bond
- e) Molecules with 120-degree bond angles: Trigonal Planar
- c) SF4 has the following shape: See-saw
- b) Formal charge of O: +1
- b) Molecule with two lone pairs around the central atom: XeF4
- a) Molecule with no permanent dipole: SO3
- c) Ethene molecule results from the overlapping of: 2 unhybridized p orbitals
- c) Covalent bonds are formed between: Two atoms with high electron affinities and high ionization energies
- e) Bond order is: (# of bonding electrons - # of antibonding electrons) / 2
- b) Lewis acid? BF3
- c) Atomic orbital hybridization that does not result in exactly equivalent bonds: sp3d
- c) 1800 Torr (6 + 2 = 8, 6/8 = 0.75, 0.75 x 2400 = 1800)
- e) In Boyle's law, the pressure increases as the volume decreases because: Gas particles strike the walls of the container.
- e) Statements about Nitrogen: Triple bond, Between two nonmetals, Nonpolar covalent, Rearrangement of electrons (All)
- b) 1.77 L
- b) 0.717 g/L
- b) Of the following gases, ___ has the greatest effusion at a given temperature: CH4
- a) Valence bond theory does not address the issue of: Excited states of molecules
- c) A triple bond consists of: 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
- d) The only molecule listed with unpaired electrons is: O2
- PV = nRT, 1) Solve for n, and having n, convert it to grams of NH3.