Chemical Bonding and Gas Laws: Formulas and Principles

Classified in Chemistry

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Bonding

Formal Charge: # Valence Electrons - (Nonbonding Electrons + 1/2 Bonding Electrons)

Gases

STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure (273 K or 0°C and 1 atm)

Ideal Gas Law

R = 0.0821 atm x L / (mol x K)

  • Pressure (P): Always in atm
    • 760 mmHg = 1 atm
    • 760 Torr = 1 atm
    • 101,326 Pascal = 1 atm
  • Temperature (T): Always in Kelvin
  • # of Moles (n)
  • Volume (V): Always in Liters

Boyle's Law

Occurs when T and n are constant.

Charles's Law

Occurs when P and n are constant.

Avogadro's Law

Occurs when P and T are constant.

Gay-Lussac's Law

Occurs when V and n are constant.

Combined Gas Law

n is constant.

Test

  1. a) Valence Electrons for Na+ = 0
  2. b) Which of the following does not have an octet around the central atom: BCl3
  3. d) A triple bond has a bond order of: 3
  4. c) Least electronegative element: At
  5. d) Triple bond shares __ electrons: 6
  6. e) Covalent bond where both electrons originate from the same atom: Coordinate covalent bond
  7. e) Molecules with 120-degree bond angles: Trigonal Planar
  8. c) SF4 has the following shape: See-saw
  9. b) Formal charge of O: +1
  10. b) Molecule with two lone pairs around the central atom: XeF4
  11. a) Molecule with no permanent dipole: SO3
  12. c) Ethene molecule results from the overlapping of: 2 unhybridized p orbitals
  13. c) Covalent bonds are formed between: Two atoms with high electron affinities and high ionization energies
  14. e) Bond order is: (# of bonding electrons - # of antibonding electrons) / 2
  15. b) Lewis acid? BF3
  16. c) Atomic orbital hybridization that does not result in exactly equivalent bonds: sp3d
  17. c) 1800 Torr (6 + 2 = 8, 6/8 = 0.75, 0.75 x 2400 = 1800)
  18. e) In Boyle's law, the pressure increases as the volume decreases because: Gas particles strike the walls of the container.
  19. e) Statements about Nitrogen: Triple bond, Between two nonmetals, Nonpolar covalent, Rearrangement of electrons (All)
  20. b) 1.77 L
  21. b) 0.717 g/L
  22. b) Of the following gases, ___ has the greatest effusion at a given temperature: CH4
  23. a) Valence bond theory does not address the issue of: Excited states of molecules
  24. c) A triple bond consists of: 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds
  25. d) The only molecule listed with unpaired electrons is: O2
  26. PV = nRT, 1) Solve for n, and having n, convert it to grams of NH3.

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