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•What makes up a beach?

Whatever is locally available. This could be boulders, sand, mud, biological material. Whatever is near.

•What are the 3 different ways sand can move along the beach?

- Perpendicular via swash (up the beach) or backwash (goes back to the ocean)

- Parallel to the beach via longshore currents

•What is the difference between a summertime and wintertime beach?

Summertime beach has mostly swash and a wide sandy beach. Wintertime beach has a lot of wave activity so the beach is narrower and backwash dominates.

•What are the two major types of shores and their characteristics?

Erosional- California. Will see cliffs. Over two plates

Depositional- Miami. Will see barrier islands. Over a single plate.

•Which coast is experiencing the highest rate of erosion? Lowest rate?

Gulf is experiencing the most

West coasts the least. So even though the west coast is an erosional shoreline they are experiencing the least erosion

•What is hard stabilization and the 4 kinds?

Hard stabilization is when we build structures to reduce coastal erosion. The 4 kinds are groins, jetties, breakwaters, and seawalls.

•What are the three alternatives to hard stabilization?

The three alternatives are construction restrictions, beach replenishment, and relocation

•What is the greenhouse effect?

Greenhouse gases trap outgoing solar radiation from leaving Earth. Incoming solar radiation comes in as a short wave length radiation, some gets absorbed by Earth and some bounces off due to Albedo. The radiation that bounces off is converted into a long wave length radiation which greenhouse gases will prevent from leaving our atmosphere. This results in the warming of Earth.

CO2, methane, and water vapor are examples.

•Why is sea level rising?

Ice is melting

•What is Miami doing to stop it?

Not much. All the focus is on south beach due to the economics.

•What is the EEZ?

It is the exclusive economic zone. Goes 200 nautical miles out from land to give you the rights to the resources within that area.

•What are coastal waters?

Shallow, adjoin continents/islands to the edge of the continental shelf, influenced by river runoff wind and tides

At the high and low latitudes you don’t see much temperature changes seasonally

At the mid latitudes you get the seasonal changes