Cellular Metabolism and Disease: A Comprehensive Overview

Work of the Cell: Metabolism and Disease

Metabolism: The set of biochemical transformations that occur in living cells. It has two parts: anabolism and catabolism.

Anabolism

Anabolism is the part of metabolism dedicated to the production of molecules that comprise cells from nutrients.

Catabolism

Catabolism is the part of metabolism involved in the production of energy that the cell constantly needs to perform its functions. It uses organic nutrients.

Nutrients are essential substances that cells need but are unable to synthesize; therefore, they must be obtained through diet.

Healthy Lifestyles

Healthy lifestyles include:

• Personal hygiene
• Domestic hygiene
• Occupational hygiene
• Proper eating habits
• Adequate sleep
• Regular exercise
• Avoiding drugs
• Avoiding a sedentary lifestyle
• Stress management

Study of Diseases

The concept of diseases includes the cause or origin of the pathology, the course of the disease, symptoms, and consequences or sequelae.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Symptomatic or palliative: Alleviating symptoms.
• Decisive: Addressing the root cause.
• Preventive: Preventing the disease from occurring.

Evolution of Disease

• Acute
• Chronic
• Relapsing

Classifications of Diseases

Diseases can be classified as:

• Infectious
• Hereditary
• Degenerative
• Traumatic

The Organism in the Human

External Environment: External cavities, skin, vagina, ears, mouth, eyes.

Internal Environment: Blood, organs and systems, tissues, and cells.

Infectious Processes Caused by Infectious Agents

Infectious Agents: Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa), infectious molecules (prions cause spongiform encephalopathy).

Concept of Infection

Pathological infections are caused by the multiplication of microorganisms in our body after overcoming its barriers.

Barriers to Infections

There are two defensive barriers:

1. First Barrier: The skin and the epithelia (skin, epithelia, wet surfaces of the mouth, vagina, respiratory, urinary, and digestive tracts, and eyes).
2. Second Barrier: Leukocytes (immune system cells).

Routes of Transmission of Infectious Agents

Water, air, food, surgical material, transfusions, contaminated objects, transplantation.

Curative Treatment of Infectious Diseases

Antibiotics, disinfectants or antiseptics, immune sera, reinforcement of the sick.

Prevention

Sterilization and asepsis, applications (surgical, food, cell culture-antibiogram), hygiene, vaccines.

Preferred eritrolitario antigen gene control groups Rh.

Proper Nutrition

Proper nutrition is the set of processes by which the body receives, processes, and uses the nutrients in foods.

Food is a voluntary process through which people are provided substances intended for consumption, partially modified, cooking, put in the mouth, chewing and swallowing. It is from this point you just start feeding and nutrition.

Moreover, food is the act of providing essential food to the body so it can function properly and perform basic and daily tasks.