Cell Biology: Processes, Division, and Organization
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Cell Biology: Key Processes and Concepts
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: An organelle responsible for protein synthesis and transport. Learn more about proteins.
Nucleolus: Responsible for the production and assembly of ribosomal components.
Ribosomes: Responsible for synthesizing proteins from genetic information transcribed from DNA in the form of Messenger RNA (mRNA).
Mitosis: The process of cell division by which the cell retains the genetic information contained in its chromosomes.
Meiosis: A type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms.
Types of Cell Division
Sporulation, budding, pluripartition, and bipartition are all types of cell division.
Photosynthesis: A chemical process by which plants obtain their own food.
Carbohydrates: The main fuel of energy generated during cellular respiration.
Lipids: Organic compounds consisting mainly of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acid molecules.
Proteins: Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They are part of permanent structures.
Vitamins: Their function is to regulate endocytosis in the body, which is the entry of products into the cell.
Phagocytosis: The incorporation of large molecules, such as food particles.
Exocytosis: The expulsion of products from inside the cell.
Steps in Photosynthesis
Light and dark reactions.
Organisms Carrying Out Photosynthesis
Plants and microorganisms such as seaweed.
Mitosis: When a mother cell divides into two daughter cells.
Meiosis: When the mother cell divides into four cells for sexual reproduction.
Distinctive Features of Living Organisms
- Structure
- Metabolism
- Growth
- Adaptation
- Irritability
- Reproduction
- Homeostasis
- Organization
Metabolism is the sum of all the functions performed by living beings on the basis of chemical reactions.
Growth: Irreversible increase in body size.
Irritability: The homeostatic capacity of living things to respond to stimuli that damage their well-being or status.
Reproduction: The formation of new individuals.
Adaptation: A physiological process or behavioral trait of an organism that has evolved in such a way that increases its long-term expectations to reproduce successfully.
Biological Organization
Composition chemistry, the bacterium that forms their bodies.
Chemical Level
Atom: Smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic of that element.
Molecule: Union of atoms.
Cellular Level
Organelle: A structure within the cell that performs a specific function.
Cell: A unit of life, the smallest.
Tissue: A group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Organ: A structure within an organism, usually consisting of different types of tissues forming a unity.
Systems: Two or more agencies working together in the execution of specific body functions.
Ecological Level
Agencies: Set of tissue structure function defined as part of a living thing.
Species: Organisms that are created together.
Public: Members of a species that inhabit the same area.
Community: Two or more populations of different species that live and interact in the same area.
Ecosystem: A community together with the nonliving elements that surround it.
Biosphere: The part of the earth inhabited by living beings, including both living and nonliving components.
Cell Concept and Types
The morphological and functional unit of all living things: prokaryotes, eukaryotes, unicellular, multicellular.