Biology Genetics Practice Questions

Biology and Genetics Practice Questions

78. Sequence of Events in Translation

Which of the following options most accurately lists the sequence of events in translation?

C) codon recognition → peptide bond formation → translocation → termination

79. Definition of Mutation

Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called

A) a mutation.

80. HIV Virus Type

What kind of virus is HIV?

C) a retrovirus

81. HIV Enzyme for DNA Synthesis

Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template?

D) reverse transcriptase

82. Griffith's Experiment and DNA Transfer

In the 1920s, Frederick Griffith conducted an experiment in which he mixed the dead cells of a bacterial strain that can cause pneumonia with live cells of a bacterial strain that cannot. When he cultured the live cells, some of the daughter colonies proved able to cause pneumonia. Which of the following processes of bacterial DNA transfer does this experiment demonstrate?

C) transformation

83. Adult Somatic Cell Nucleus Potential

The fact that the nucleus from an adult somatic cell can be used to create all of the cell types in a new organism demonstrates that development depends upon

A) the control of gene expression.

84. Definition of Gene Expression

The term "gene expression" refers to the

C) process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins.

85. Prokaryotic Operon Definition

In a prokaryote, a group of genes with related functions, along with their associated control sequences, defines

B) an operon.

86. Activator Protein Function

Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called

D) activators.

87. Inactive X Chromosome in Mammals

In female mammals, the inactive X chromosome in each cell

E) becomes a Barr body.

88. RNA Regulating mRNA Transcription

Small pieces of RNA that can regulate mRNA transcription are called

A) microRNA.

89. Homeotic Gene Function

A homeotic gene

B) serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells.

90. Microarray Statement Evaluation

Which of the following statements about microarrays is false?

B) Microarrays use tiny portions of double-stranded RNA fragments from a large number of genes.

91. Signal Transduction Initiation

To initiate a signal transduction pathway, a signal binds to a receptor protein usually located in the

C) plasma membrane.

92. Transcription Factor Binding Site

Transcription factors attach to

A) DNA.

93. Basis of Cellular Differentiation

The basis of cellular differentiation is

C) selective gene expression.

94. Salamander Limb Regeneration Process

Which of the following processes occurs when a salamander regenerates a lost limb?

B) Certain cells in the limb dedifferentiate, divide, and then redifferentiate to form a new limb.

95. Dolly the Sheep Cloning Significance

The cloning of Dolly the sheep

A) demonstrated that the nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells can retain their full genetic potential.