Biology Concepts: Cell Structure and Photosynthesis

Biology Concepts

Cellular Processes and Structure

• 1-A) Ev against abiogenesis.
• 3-C) Cannot maggots developed.
• 4-B) Life forms from non-living matter.
• 5-C) Cells contain organelles.
• 6-B) Move through phospholipid bilayer quickly.
• 7-A) Endocytosis.
• 8- Vacuole: 3, Nucleus: 7, Cytoplasm: 2, Rough ER: 4.
• 9- Synthesize lipids: 5, Convert glucose: 8, Convert sunlight: 1, Modify lipids: 6.
• 10-B) None.
• 11-D) Glucose and Oxygen.
• 12-C) Makes ATP.
• 13-B) Cells, tissues, systems.
• 14-C) Tissues.

Microscopy and Molecular Biology

• 15- 2) Internal structures: Transmission electron microscope (TEM), 3) 2 more lenses: Compound microscope, 4) 3D image: Scanning electron microscope (SEM), 5) Highest magnification: Scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
• 16-D) Mitch.
• 17-A) Starch molecule.
• 18-D) Large surface area.
• 19- 1) Phospholipid, 2) Carrier protein, 3) Carbohydrate, 4) Channel protein.
• 20- 1) Hydrophilic, 5) Cell signaling, 3) Glucose transport, 2) Ion diffusion.

Osmosis and Plant Physiology

• 21-B) Hypertonic: Water moves out of the egg.
• 22- 1) Towards stimuli: Positive tropism, 2) Hormonal promotion: Auxins, 3) Away from stimuli: Negative tropism, 4) Venus flytrap: Nastic movement.
• 23- 1) Spongy mesophyll, 2) Lower epidermis, 3) Guard cells, 9) Waxy cuticle.
• 24- 9) Palisade leaf, 3) Movement, 6) Transpiration (water movement), 7) Region.
• 25- B) Into the plant.
• 26- 1) Vascular tissue, 2) Guard cells, 3) Ground tissue, 4) Spongy mesophyll.
• 27- 1, 3, 4, 5.
• 28- D) Side B stimulates.
• 29- 4466 / 5 = 0.893 mm.
• 30- 2) Animal cell, higher solute concentration; 4) Plant cell, higher solute concentration; 6) Animal cell, equal solute concentration; 1) Plant cell, equal solute concentration.
• 31- Hypertonic: Add more solutes (triangles and stars) outside the cell.
• 31- Isotonic: Same number of solutes outside and inside the cell.
• 31- Hypotonic: Add fewer solutes outside the cell than inside.
• 32- Hypertonic: Water moves out of the cell.
• 32- Isotonic: Water moves in and out equally.
• 32- Hypotonic: Water will move into the cell.

Photosynthesis Process

• 33- 6CO₂(g) + 6H₂O(l) → C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) + O₂(g)
• 34- Reactants:
• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): Enters the plant through small openings called stomata on the leaves. It moves into the leaf cells to be used in photosynthesis.
• Water (H₂O): Absorbed from the soil by the roots, then carried up to the leaves through xylem tubes.
• Sunlight: Captured by chloroplasts in the leaf using a green pigment called chlorophyll. The light energy powers the process.
• Products:
• Glucose (Sugar): Made in the leaves and moved through the phloem to other parts of the plant to be used or stored for energy.
• Oxygen (O₂): Released as a waste product and exits the leaf through the stomata into the air.