Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa: Baroque Sculpture Analysis

The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini

Classification

Figurative group sculpture in the round representing a scene within a relatable space.

Composition

The sculpture features two figures: one standing (an angel) and one semi-reclining (Saint Teresa). The composition is characteristically Baroque, defined by two opposing curved lines. The angel is positioned higher and vertically, creating a slightly open composition that extends into the surrounding space. The artist uses four reinforcing resources: the flowing lines of the garments, the expressive gesture of the saint, the chosen moment of action, and the dramatic use of light, which enters through a yellow glass, creating a theatrical effect. Anatomical proportions are realistic, and the varied textures (soft angel, heavy habit, ethereal clouds) are masterfully rendered. The idealized beauty of the faces conveys a whirlwind of emotions and mystic rapture.

Thematic Content

The sculpture depicts the moment of Saint Teresa's ecstasy, as described in her autobiography.

Stylistic Language

The work is Baroque, a complex style reflecting a period of crisis and diverse influences. Baroque art served as a tool for Catholic Counter-Reformation propaganda. Key features include:

• Abandonment of Renaissance beauty principles in favor of dynamic monumentality.
• Expressive conception of both image and architectural space.
• Desire for movement, using loose compositional schemes.
• Figures and scenes depicted in moments of instability.
• Sculptures designed to project outwards, not isolated.
• Theatricality as an aesthetic feature.

Stylistic Chronology

Baroque art originated in Italy, with Rome as its center. The early 17th century saw Baroque as an expression of religious spirit.

Function and Significance

Bernini intended to make the observer an active participant in the saint's religious fervor. The theatrical presentation, with a stage front and side boxes, emphasizes the propagandistic nature of the work.

Location and Context

The sculpture is located in the Cornaro Chapel of the Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome, a major center of Catholic Christianity and pilgrimage.

Identification of the Work and Author

The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, a leading figure of Baroque sculpture. Bernini's early works, like David, showcase his mastery of anatomy and expression. Later, he focused on religious themes, as seen in Saint Longinus. Bernini also revolutionized funerary sculpture and contributed to the urban embellishment of Rome.