Basic Principles of Electricity and Atomic Physics

.All material objects are composed of atoms. An atom consists of a nucleus and a vast region of space outside the nucleus. Electrons are present in the region of space outside the nuclues. Electrons are often removed from and a dded to an atom by normal everyday occurrences. The nucleus contains positively-chargedd protons and nuetral neutrons. These prtons and nuentrons are not removable or disturbable by usual everyday methods. One sure truth of this unit is that the porotn and neutron will remain within the nucleus of the atom.
Methods of charging:-friction:Having an excess of electrons thr rubber ballon is charged negatively.The shortage of electrons on the animal fur leaves it with a positive charge.-Induction: is a very common method of charging an object. IS a method used to charge an object without actually touching the object to any other charged object.-Conduction: involves the contact of a charged object to a neutral object.Coulomb's law: the interaction between charged objects is a non_contact force which acts over some distance of separation, is typically expresed in newtons. Distance in metres. The symbol k is a propotionatily constant known as this law constant.K=9 Electrical current:electricity is a word used to describe the directional flow of electrons between atoms. The directional movemen of electrons between atoms is called electrical current.Amperage:is a term used to describe the number of electrons moving past a fixed in a conductor in one second.Current is measured in amperes.Voltage:EMF is electromotive force.EMF causes the electrons to move in a particular direction.EMF is measured in volts.Resistance:Is the oposition to electrical current.Is measured in ohms.Is sometimes desirable and sometimes undesirable.Conductors:conduct electrical current very easily because of their free electrons.Copper,aluminium,gold and silver.Insulators:oppose electrical current an make poor conductors.Glass, air,plastic,rubber and wood.ohm's law: I=V/R,V=IxR,R=V/I .is used to describe mathematical relationship between voltage,current,resistance.Circuits diagrams: Wires and various components connected together from a circuit.Circuit diagrams are used to show how all the components connect together to make a circuit.joule's law. P=V.I T=V.I.T t=energia V=voltage I=items T=(S)