Argentina's Political Turmoil: Yrigoyen to Perón (1930-1945)

1. National Issues during Yrigoyen's Presidency

A nationalization project: The government's attempt to nationalize oil resources, presented as an anti-imperialist measure against large corporations. This involved creating a state oil monopoly and restricting land use by private companies.

The global economic crisis: Even before the 1929 Wall Street crash, Argentina experienced a sharp decline in prices, leading to economic shocks and exacerbating existing problems.

2. Ideological Differences Among Coup Leaders

Nationalists (led by Uriburu): Aimed to abolish elections and political parties, establishing a corporatist system.

Liberal Conservatives (led by Justo): Intended to restore the constitution and eliminate what they perceived as Yrigoyen's demagoguery.

3. President Ortiz's Party and Reform Intentions

President Ortiz belonged to the Democratic Party. His administration was marked by contradictions and tensions. Initially, his electoral victory was tainted by fraud, even acknowledged by federal authorities.

Ortiz proposed reforming corrupt political practices, but faced opposition from more conservative elements who favored maintaining the status quo, a situation encapsulated by the term "patriotic fraud." Reform efforts focused on restoring democracy but were ultimately frustrated by Ortiz's illness and opposition to his projects.

4. Argentina's Economic Policies in Response to the 1930 Crisis

Argentina shifted its direction, with the military assuming a central role. Radicalism had failed to institutionalize benefits for large sectors of society, and democratic institutions seemed disconnected from the people.

The armed forces and the Catholic Church gained prominence. The army was seen as a force for restoring order. The Church believed military power was the best solution to counter capitalism, liberal democracy, and socialism, emphasizing the maintenance of laws against divorce.

5. The Constitution and Freedom Movement (September 1945)

The opposition, comprising radicals, socialists, communists, and liberal democrats, and supported by the U.S. ambassador, intensified their demands for a return to the constitutional system. This culminated in a "March for the Constitution and Freedom" and a request to the Supreme Court for elections.

6. Subject to Develop

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