Arduino Electronics Guide: Understanding Basic Components and Concepts

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Resistors

  • Longer side on positive
  • Limit current through circuit
  • Measured in ohms (Ω)

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

  • Voltage (V): Exerted force to push electricity
  • Current (I): Amount of electricity pushed (measured in Amps)
  • Resistance (R): Constraints on the flow of electricity
  • V = I*R, R=V/I, I=V/R

Diodes

  • Act as stop-gap gates
  • Ensure electron flow in intended direction

Motors

  • Regular DC motors: Spin at various speeds
  • Servo motors: Directional control, moving arm from controllable positions

Serial Communications

  • Used to print values to Serial Monitor
  • Good for troubleshooting

LEDs

  • Light Emitting Diodes
  • Light up when required forward voltage is found
  • Intensity of light depends on current flow

Photodiodes

  • Trip to reception of light, not emission of it
  • Basics of solar power, cameras, etc.

Capacitors

  • Temporary store for current
  • Store current until fully charged, then release it

Transistors

  • Replicate basic logic in electrical form
  • Control between saturation, cut-off, active, and reverse
  • Act as logic gates at right voltage

Arduino Board and IDE

  • Arduino board (Uno model most common)
  • Arduino IDE software: Enables coding to control Arduino

Integrated Circuits (ICs)

  • Keystone of modern electronics
  • Heart and brains of most circuits

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