Arduino Electronics Guide: Understanding Basic Components and Concepts
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Resistors
- Longer side on positive
- Limit current through circuit
- Measured in ohms (Ω)
Voltage, Current, and Resistance
- Voltage (V): Exerted force to push electricity
- Current (I): Amount of electricity pushed (measured in Amps)
- Resistance (R): Constraints on the flow of electricity
- V = I*R, R=V/I, I=V/R
Diodes
- Act as stop-gap gates
- Ensure electron flow in intended direction
Motors
- Regular DC motors: Spin at various speeds
- Servo motors: Directional control, moving arm from controllable positions
Serial Communications
- Used to print values to Serial Monitor
- Good for troubleshooting
LEDs
- Light Emitting Diodes
- Light up when required forward voltage is found
- Intensity of light depends on current flow
Photodiodes
- Trip to reception of light, not emission of it
- Basics of solar power, cameras, etc.
Capacitors
- Temporary store for current
- Store current until fully charged, then release it
Transistors
- Replicate basic logic in electrical form
- Control between saturation, cut-off, active, and reverse
- Act as logic gates at right voltage
Arduino Board and IDE
- Arduino board (Uno model most common)
- Arduino IDE software: Enables coding to control Arduino
Integrated Circuits (ICs)
- Keystone of modern electronics
- Heart and brains of most circuits