Analyzing the Structure and Functions of Social Networks

Structural Characteristics of Social Networks

Size

The number of people in the network. Medium-sized networks are generally most effective.

• Minimal Networks: Less effective in situations of stress overload or long-term strain, as members may begin to avoid contact to prevent overloading or otherwise tend to become overloaded.
• Very Large Networks: At risk of inaction based on the assumption that "someone is already addressing the problem."

Factors affecting network size include migration, relocations, and the passage of time.

Density

The connection level between members, regardless of the informant.

• A medium density level supports maximum group effectiveness by allowing the collation of views.
• A high density network level promotes conformity among members. If individual deviation persists, it favors the exclusion of the individual from the network. High-density networks also have more inertia and a lower level of effectiveness.
• A very low density level reduces effectiveness due to the lack of a potentiating effect.

Distribution

The proportion of the total network membership located in each quadrant and circle. Localized networks are less flexible and effective, generating fewer options than networks with wider distribution.

Dispersion and Accessibility

The geographical distance between members, which affects the ease of access and communication. It is also defined as accessibility—the ease of access or contact required to produce effective behaviors. With the advent of social networks and the Internet, communication is now easier.

Homo-diversity

Demographic and socio-cultural characteristics, including:

• Age
• Sex
• Culture
• Socioeconomic status

These factors present advantages and disadvantages in terms of identity, recognition of stress signs, activation, and use of the network.

Essential Functions of Social Networks

• Company: Joint activities or simply being together.
• Support: Exchanges that denote a positive emotional attitude, fostering a climate of understanding, sympathy, empathy, encouragement, and support, and the ability to share emotional resonance and goodwill.
• Cognitive Guidance and Advice: Interactions that recall and reaffirm roles and responsibilities, neutralizing behavioral deviations that stray from collective expectations, allowing the dissipation of frustration and violence, and promoting conflict resolution.
• Material Help: Specific cooperation based on expert knowledge or physical assistance, including health services.
• New Relationships: Opening doors for connecting people and networks that were previously not part of the individual's social network.