Analyzing Spanish Grammar and 20th Century Literary Movements

Subject, Complement, and Attributes

Subject: Ask who? the VBO

Complement Direct (CD): What? Replaced by "what" the "of" the

Complement Indirect (CI): Who? For whom? Replaced "him, they"

Attribute: VBOs copulative replaced only by "what"

Complement Agent: Only passive sentences, and forever preposition subject active.

Circumstantial Complements

• Weather: When?
• Place: Where?
• Manner: How?
• Company: With whom?
• Aim: For what?
• Denial: Is not it?
• Affirmation: OK?
• Quantity: How much?
• Object: With whom?

Complement Predicative of the Verb (PVO)

Question how? is replaced by the CPNC or CD.

Charge

Always Function Preposition (any preposition).

Complement Regime

Verbs that always require a preposition.

Coordinate Clauses

It's that part of prayer that is the same as another bone that cannot delete any of the two parts.

Types of Coordinate Clauses

• Copulative: Combine sentences with a comma or conjunction, opposed by "or".
• Disjunctive: The second sentence denies the first.
• Distributive: Alternating, the first sentence says what the second says.
• Adversative: The second sentence corrects the first.
• Consecutive: The first sentence implies the second.

20th Century Avant-Garde Movements

Developed in Europe during the first third of the twentieth century, artistic currents confronted previous culture and proposed breaking with the art of the 20th century. They despised the general public and the bourgeoisie. In literature, the most relevant avant-garde movements are Expressionism, Futurism, Cubism, Dadaism, and Surrealism.

Expressionism

Rejects art as a mere representation of external reality and reveals the inner reality.

Futurism

Argues that art radically rejects the future and the past.

Cubism

Owes its characteristics to Cubist painting, where it has all its features.

Dadaism

Questions traditional values, being irreverent and provocative, attacking the reasons that led to the war. Predisposition of the absurd, exaltation of the illogical, and return to the past and primitivism.

Creationism

Defender of aesthetic principles, using metaphors that break with what is expected.

Ultraism

Denies prior art, seeks to differentiate from everyday objects, breaks things, and searches for monotony, insolence, and desperation, changing the face of beauty and offering hard, unsentimental objects.

Writers

José Ortega y Gasset

The Dehumanization of Art

Juan Ramón Jiménez

His work is distinguished in three stages: sensitive era, intellectual era, and true era. The Sound Isolation, Eternity, and At the Other Cosatan are some of his many works and poetic books, many inspired by other poets like Bécquer.

Valle-Inclán

Author of an extensive and varied work in four periods, marked by an ideological evolution from Carlist positions to those close to the revolutionary left. Stages: decadent, primitive, farces, and artful works of the nonsensical.