Analysis of Social Themes in 'The House of Bernarda Alba'

Analysis of 'The House of Bernarda Alba'

The House of Bernarda Alba is an avant-garde play from the twentieth century. It is one of Federico García Lorca's most popular works, exploring themes such as social class distinctions, the role of women in society, traditions, conservative morality, Bernarda's authoritarianism, and her daughters' desire for freedom.

Social Class and Relationships

As in previous centuries, the distinction between social classes is a prominent theme. In this work, it is clearly represented by Bernarda and Poncia. Although they have known each other since childhood, Bernarda makes clear her superior status, emphasizing the distance between them. Bernarda speaks with contempt about those she considers beneath her, stating, "the poor are like animals, they seem to be made of other substances."

The Role of Women

The role of women in this play, as in many others, is that of servants to men, solely dedicated to taking care of the home and children. They are subject to a dictatorship created by men. Adela is revolutionary in her defiance of this issue, and her actions lead to tragedy. Lorca also incorporates traditions of mourning. After the death of Bernarda's second husband, she insists that she and her daughters mourn for eight years.

Traditions and Morality

The tradition of arranged marriages is represented by Angustias's marriage to Pepe el Romano. Pepe marries Angustias only for her money. Finally, the theme of conservative morality is explored through the obsession with virginity, appearance, and religion. These issues surround Bernarda and her daughters throughout the play.

Bernarda's Authoritarianism

Bernarda is portrayed as an overly authoritarian mother who cares little for the feelings of her daughters and other residents of the house. Lorca uses the cane to symbolize her power. All the sisters—Angustias, Magdalena, Amelia, Martirio, and Adela—desire to leave home and gain their freedom. However, Adela is the only one who actively rebels against her mother and seeks the freedom she craves, ultimately leading to her suicide for love.

Structure and Dialogue

The play is divided into three acts, all set within Bernarda's house, including the barn, kitchen, and other rooms. Lorca's use of dialogue is distinctive. Each character speaks in accordance with their personality, and the events are short and subtle, giving the work a sense of realism. This is further enhanced by Lorca's simple language, avoiding slang.

Conclusion

In conclusion, The House of Bernarda Alba is a play that resonates with the themes of the twentieth century and is a work of tragic character, culminating in Adela's death for love.