Aircraft Turbine Engine Principles and Systems
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Engine Operation & Control
1. Engine Start Procedure: For starting the engine, the H.P. cock should initially be closed.
19. Reheat and EPR: When reheat is used, Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) remains constant.
22. Air Bleed and EGT: As air is bled off the engine, Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) will increase.
29. Reheat and Mass Gas Flow: When reheat is selected and in operation, the mass gas flow decreases.
38. Air Bleed and EGT (Repeat): As air is bled off the engine, Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) will increase.
Engine Components & Types
2. Clamshell Position: Clamshells are positioned 45º to the thrust line.
6. Anti-Icing Air Source: Air for anti-icing is taken from the H.P. compressor.
7. Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Types: The two types of centrifugal compressor impellers are: single entry and double entry.
8. Centrifugal Compressor Elements: The two main functional elements of a centrifugal compressor are: impeller and diffuser.
9. Typical Turbojet Components: A typical turbojet consists of 5 components: air inlet, compressor, combustor, turbine, and exhaust nozzle.
23. Water Methanol Injection: Water methanol for cooling is ingested into the compressor inlet or outlet.
24. Centrifugal Compressor Advantage: An advantage of the centrifugal flow compressor is its high pressure rise per stage.
25. Free Turbine Definition: A free turbine is connected directly to the power output shaft.
30. Twin Spool Turboshaft Free Turbine: On a twin spool turboshaft engine, the free turbine is connected to the output gearbox.
39. Turboshaft Exhaust Duct: What type of exhaust duct would you find on a turboshaft engine? A divergent duct.
40. Axial Flow Compressor Application: Axial flow compressors are typically found in turbofan engines.
Engine Measurements & Definitions
3. Torque Formula: Torque is defined as Power x Distance.
4. Thrust Formula: Thrust is defined as Mass x Acceleration.
10. T.O.T. Abbreviation: T.O.T. stands for Turbine Outlet Temperature.
11. Turbine Discharge Pressure: Turbine discharge pressure is identified as PT7.
20. Torque Measurement Location: Torque measurement occurs in the reduction gearbox.
34. Engine Inlet Pressure: Engine inlet pressure is identified as PT2.
36. Diffuser Purpose: The purpose of a diffuser is to increase the static pressure of the air.
Auxiliary Systems & Support
5. Pneumatic Starter Alias: A pneumatic starter is also known as a cartridge starter.
18. APU Starter Type: An Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) uses an electric starter.
21. Turboprop Power Transmission: Turboprops use gears coupled for power transmission.
26. Auxiliary Power Types: Auxiliary power includes pneumatic and electrical power.
27. Hydromechanical Fuel Control Influence: Hydromechanical fuel controls are influenced by burner pressure.
28. Power Generator Components: A power generator consists of a turbine, a gear reduction system, and the shaft output.
31. Turboprop Measurement Tool: What is used on a turboprop? A torque-meter.
32. Engine Vibration Monitoring: Engine vibration is monitored using a piezoelectric accelerometer.
33. Fuel Pump Inlet Filter: The inlet side of a fuel pump has a wire mesh filter.
35. APU Characteristics: An APU has constant speed and is self-contained.
37. APU Starter Type (Repeat): An Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) uses an electric starter.
41. Gearbox Breather Leak Prevention: A jet engine gearbox breather is prevented from leaking oil to atmosphere by the action of impeller and centrifugal force.
Thermodynamic Principles
42. Jet Engine Thermodynamic Model: The thermodynamic model for jet engines is the Brayton Cycle.