Aircraft systems

Q,R,H,E,D,C,P

Aristotle ~ gave us the hypothesis step  (if you think hard enough, you can figure out the answer)

Galileo ~  gave us the experiment step  2,000 years later

For a controlled experiment, only one variable can change.  If more than one changes, then the results are invalid (no good)

Know the scientific measuring tools and what they measure 

Metric ruler:  measures length in centimeters

Thermometer:  measures the temperature of objects

Triple Beam Balance:  measures mass (in grams)

Microscope:  allows us to see objects we can’t with just our eyes (magnifies objects)

Spring Scale:  measures weight (the pull of gravity on an object)

Beaker:  measures the volume of liquids (in milliliters)

Graduated cylinder:  measures the volume of liquids (in milliliter

Know the definition of meniscus and how to properly read the measurement in a graduated cylinder

Know how to write “cubic centimeter”    cm3   which means each side of the cube is one centimeter in length

Know how to measure the volume of an irregularly shaped object using displacement

Density =  mass        If given the mass and volume, calculate the density of an object.

                volume

The density of water is 1 g/cm3

The volume of a rectangular object is        length x width x height.

The instrument that measures mass is a triple beam balance.

Objects that are less dense float in substances that are more dense.

Salt water is more dense than fresh water.

Strong thunderstorms can produce tornadoes.

there is an area in the United States where thunderstorms often produce tornadoes ~ it’s called Tornado Alley and is located north of Texas.Tornadoes are measured on a scale of 0-5 called the Fujita Scale based on the strength of the wind.

Air has pressure. Air pressure is measured with an instrument called a barometer.The Sun is the major source of energy for circulating the atmosphere and oceans.Weather is the result of short-term variations in: temperature--humidity (how much water vapor in the air)

 air pressure

High pressure does not allow air to rise.  So clouds don’t form.

Low pressure allows air to rise.  When the air reaches its dew point, clouds form. Precipitation is usually associated with low pressure systems. Rain happens when both the upper air is warm and the air near the ground is warm.

Sleet happens when the upper air is warm and the air near the ground is cold.  The raindrops freeze.

Snow happens when the upper air is cold and the air near the ground is cold. Global winds are created when the Sun unevenly heats the Earth.  The air above the warm ground is warmed. Warm air rises. Away from its heat source, the air cools and sinks.  This creates wind. Because the Earth is rotating, the wind appears to bend, giving us global wind patterns.The global wind pattern over the United States is Prevailing Westerlies.The global winds move the air masses in the atmosphere.  Air masses that are formed over water have lots of moisture.  Air masses formed over land are typically dry. The air masses crash together to create cold and warm fronts.

Know the clouds and weather associated with a cold front and a warm front. Know how the 2 air masses come together  ~ cold front: cold air slams into warm air

warm front: warm air slides up and over cold

The water cycle moves heat energy from the ocean into the atmosphere.When you add heat energy ~ particles move more rapidly and expand (move apart)