Agricultural Landscapes of Spain: Oceanic, Mediterranean, Inland, Mountainous, and Subtropical

Agricultural Landscapes of Spain

-Oceanic or Atlantic agricultural landscape: north, west of the Peninsula .agricultural fields: small, polyculture, natural pasture ·livestock: Cantabria, Asturias, Basque country- cattle:milk, Galicia- cattle: meat. ·silviculture: forests are exploited intensively to obtain wood ·agricultural structure: smallholdings, owned by families or small businesses ·settlement: dispersed into small villages

-Mediterranean a.l: coastal areas in the east and south ·agriculture: rainfed cr.(cereals, olive trees, almonds)/irrigated cr.(garden vegt. citrus fruit) ·l: sheep, goats-extensively/cattle, pigs-intensive ·s: not economically profitable ·a.s: medium size ·s: densely populated, dispersed

-Inland a.l: Meseta, Ext., parts of the Ebro, Guadalquivir river basin, inland Anda. ·a: highly mechanised, wheat and barley (food, livestock farming), irrigated horticulture ·l: sheep, industrial lives. far. (pigs, cattle, poultry) ·s: no forest due to low rainfall ·a.s: rainfed agri. (large, mechanised) irrig. a. (medium-sized) ·s: scarce, concentrated

-Mountainous a.l: ·a: varies do to altitude, forests and pastures in higher areas, orchards and garden vegetable cultivations in valleys, terraced hillsides ·l: extensive cattle and sheep, nomadic sheep farming ·s: slow-growing, high-valued beech, chestnut forest ·a.s: small, divided by fields, hedges, trails(su. trees) ·s: scarce, concentrated

-Subtropical a.l: Canary Islands ·a: banana, tomato for exportation, potato ·l: goats, sheep ·s: pine forests, laurel forests (protected) ·a.s: small farms (subsistence farm.)

4. -Raw materials of animal origin: wool and leather (used in textile industry) - R. m of plant origin: cotton (fabrics), timber, rubber (furniture and tires) - R. m mineral origin: ·Metals: extracted from metallic minerals/ iron(hematite), aluminum(bauxite), chrome, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, platinum (high valued) ·Non-metallic: sulfur, rock salt, gypsum, mica, rocks- granite, slate, clay, sand, marble (construction), coal(energy)

Mines: extracting raw materials, underground/open-cast mines, not all countries produce minerals

·Depending on economic importance: traditional, alternative

·Depending if they (not)run out: non-/renewable

Non-renewable energy sources: limited and may run out ·coal: rock and fossil fuel/fuel for thermal energy production/pollutant and expensive ·oil: high calorific value/easy to extract/ highly value/raw material(plastics,paints)/not all necessary ·natural gas: similar to oil/ heating and electricity/ raw material/less pollutant than oil and coal ·nuclear energy: nuclear reactions(lot energy)/radioactive waste

Renewable energy: inexhausted, still in development

-Hydropower: force of water stored in reservoirs to generate electricity/non-polluting/construction- serious environmental impact

-Solaror photovoltaic: the Sun emits radiation/ non-polluting/ harnessed easily to produce electricity and heat ·photovoltaic solar panels: generates electricity

-Wind: force of the wind/non-polluting/wind turbines-alter the landscape

-Geothermal: uses the heat from inside the Earth(volcanic activity)

-Tidal energy: movement of sea water (tides,waves,currents)