Agricultural and Fishing Practices: A Comprehensive Guide
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Agricultural and Fishing Practices
Farming and Agricultural Systems
Farm (Techno-economic Unit):
The basic unit of primary sector production, similar to a company in other sectors. It produces agricultural goods.Monoculture:
Cultivating a single crop species over a large area, often for export. Common in large estates.Minifundio:
A small farm often used for subsistence farming due to its size.Irrigated Agriculture:
Providing crops with large amounts of water through artificial methods. Requires significant investment in infrastructure (canals, sprinklers, etc.). Common crops include fruit trees, rice, cotton, vegetables, and sugar beets.Irrigation:
Land cultivated using artificial irrigation, supplementing rainfall.Extensive Agriculture:
Practiced in low-population areas, requiring minimal labor and covering large areas. Yields per hectare are generally lower than intensive agriculture.Intensive Agriculture:
Produces large quantities of products in small spaces. Characterized by high productivity, use of fertilizers and chemicals, and high investment costs.Extensive Livestock Farming:
Raising animals outdoors, relying on natural food sources and minimal input.Transhumance:
Seasonal movement of livestock to access pastures in areas with summer rainfall shortages.Plot of Culture:
A small, defined land area representing the technical and economic unit of a farm.Partnership Farming:
Land tenure where the holder uses the land in exchange for a share of the profits.Fallow Land:
Land left unsown for one or more growing cycles to recover fertility.Crop Rotation:
Planting different crops alternately or simultaneously to prevent soil exhaustion. Can replace fallow periods.Industrial Crops:
Crops processed industrially for non-food uses (e.g., cotton, flax).CAP (Common Agricultural Policy):
The European Union's policy to improve agricultural productivity and ensure stable, affordable food supplies.
Fishing Practices
Jurisdictional Waters:
Coastal sea areas up to 12 nautical miles, where states exercise full sovereignty. Exclusive economic zones extend to 200 nautical miles.Inshore Fishing:
Fishing near the coast using small boats, with near-daily harvests.Offshore Fishing:
Fishing farther from the coast using larger, modern vessels, often lasting weeks or months.Continental Shelf:
The seabed near the coast, extending to depths of 200 meters.