19th Century Spanish & Andalusian Art

19th Century Spanish Art

Architecture Styles

• Eclecticism & Historicism

  Characterized by the mixture of elements from various architectural styles from the past (e.g., Royal Theatre).

• Modernism

  Used new materials such as iron and innovative designs, executed with great creative freedom. Its leader was Antonio Gaudí (e.g., Sagrada Familia).

Sculpture Styles

• Realism

  Characterized by the naturalism of the characters portrayed. Notable sculptors include Ricardo Bellver (e.g., The Fallen Angel) and Mariano Benlliure (e.g., Monument to General Martínez Campos).

• Modernism

  Highlights Josep Llimona, whose works have effects of light and shadow and undulating forms (e.g., Grief).

Painting Styles

• Romanticism

  Its main manifestations were the portrait, in which Federico de Madrazo excelled (e.g., The Countess of Vilches), and paintings depicting Spanish customs and landscapes. Among the landscape painters, Jenaro Pérez Villaamil was prominent (e.g., Landscape with Old Ruins).

• Realism

  Art reflected the social reality of the country, focusing mainly on the lives of the middle and working classes. Ramón Martí i Alsina is notable (e.g., El siesta).

• History Painting

  Recreating the past with great fidelity to historical narratives. An example is The Surrender of Bailén by José Casado del Alisal.

Andalusian Art & Architecture

Architecture Styles

• Eclecticism

  Eclectic works included Neo-Mudéjar styles, such as the Huelva railway station and the Plaza de Armas station in Seville.

• Modernism

  Highlights include the decoration of some shops (e.g., Joyería Reyes in Seville) and bourgeois housing in Huelva, Cordoba, and Almería.

Sculpture Styles

• Realism

  Realistic sculpture by Antonio Susillo (e.g., Gitana) excels, as do works by Lorenzo Coullaut Valera (e.g., Monument to Bécquer, Seville).

• Modernism

  Modernist works by Mateo Inurria (e.g., Sueño, La Higuera) are notable.

Painting Styles

• Romanticism

  Highlights include José Gutiérrez de la Vega, author of portraits (e.g., Isabel II) and religious works (e.g., Allegory of the Old Testament), and Antonio María Esquivel, notable for his portraits (e.g., Rafael Flores Calderón). Also notable is Valeriano Domínguez Bécquer, whose paintings depict folk customs (e.g., La Fuente de la Capilla).

• Realism

  Gonzalo Bilbao excels (e.g., La Cosecha en Andalucía).

• History Painting

  The prominent painter was José Moreno Carbonero (e.g., La Entrada de Roger de Flor en Constantinopla).