Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Volleyball Regulations

Player Placement Rules

• Rotation: Teams rotate positions clockwise after winning the serve following a point scored by the opponent.
• Positions: Front-row players (attackers) occupy zones 2, 3, and 4. Back-row players (defenders) occupy zones 5, 6, and 1.

Ball Handling Rules

Players can hit the ball with any part of their body.

Common Ball Handling Fouls

1. The ball touches the ground within the court boundaries.
2. A player illegally holds, catches, or throws the ball (carrying).
3. A player touches the ball twice consecutively (double hit), except during blocking or potentially on the first team contact depending on the specific rule set.
4. A team contacts the ball more than three times consecutively (excluding a block contact).

Serving Rules

Common

Islamic Art: An Overview

ISLAM: Islamic art flourished within diverse contexts, from settled communities to nomadic cultures. Islam originated in Arabia in 622 AD when Muhammad fled to Medina from Mecca. The religion's central text is the Koran.

Within a century, Islam and its culture spread through military conquests, reaching from India to Spain, establishing a relatively homogeneous culture. Key contributions include advancements in business, science, philosophy, agriculture, and urban development.

Urban Planning and Architecture

Urban life, characterized by narrow streets, centered around key areas: corners (groupings of buildings, shops, workshops, and markets), bathhouses, residences, palaces, madrassas (Koranic schools), and mosques (prayer... Continue reading "Islamic and Roman Art: History, Characteristics, and Influence" »

Globalizing Cities and Population Shifts

The Transformation of Urban Economies

The late twentieth century witnessed a significant transformation in the urban economy, leading to the emergence of global cities. These cities, such as New York and Tokyo, are privileged sites due to their focus on international exchanges and production centers.

Urban Transformations

Global cities adapt to new global functions through the construction of new infrastructures, including transport and telecommunications networks. This often leads to strong price rises. Megacities are simple territorial agglomerations of human beings, characterized by social and regional differences.

• Privileged Areas: Inhabited by people with higher incomes.
• Marginalized Areas: Often found

Dry Columns: Firefighter Access

Dry columns are designed exclusively for firefighters. They consist of galvanized steel studs, typically 80 mm in diameter, and are empty. A water outlet is usually located on the front of the building, on the ground floor. The column ascends or descends within the stairwell of buildings, providing hydrants on each floor. In the event of a fire, dry columns facilitate water flow and pressure for firefighters.

Dry columns are required in all buildings exceeding 24 meters in height, except for hospitals, where the limit is 15 meters. They are also required in parking lots with more than 3 floors below ground or 4 floors above ground, on all floors.

Sprinkler Systems: Automatic Fire Suppression

Sprinkler systems, often... Continue reading "Fire Protection Systems: Dry Columns and Sprinklers Explained" »

Laying Ground Facilities Project

The process involves several key steps:

• Research
• Determination
• Design
• Calculation of resistance
• Computation step of crack on the outside of the installation
• Calculation of contact and step voltages inside the installation
• Checking
• Research
• Correction

Wenner Method

The Wenner method is the most used and recommended technique to measure the resistivity of the ground.

High Voltage Open Circuit Procedure

1. Open the switch.
2. Open the disconnectors.

High Voltage Circuit Closing Procedure

1. Close the disconnectors.
2. Close the switch.

Lockout or Interlock Device

A lockout or interlock device is the set of operations aimed at preventing the operation of a device and maintaining it in a given position.

Verification of Absence of Tension

It is necessary... Continue reading "Grounding Systems & Electrical Safety Procedures" »

Education and Describing People

Education Vocabulary

• Behave: Behavior
• Cheat: Copying
• Fail: Suspend
• Learn: Learn
• Leave: Leave
• Pass: Approve
• Review: Review
• Start: Go
• Study: Study
• Take: Take
• Boarding School: Internal
• Graduate: Graduate
• Head Teacher: Head
• Nursery School: Nursery
• Primary School: Primary School
• Private School: Private School
• Pupil: Student
• Professor: Professor
• Religious School: Religious School
• Secondary School: Secondary School
• Student: Student
• Uniform: Uniform

Describing People Vocabulary

• Tall: High
• Slim: Delgado
• Short: Low
• Overweight: Gordo
• Height: Height
• Well Built: Good Body
• Blonde: Blonde
• Pony Tail: Coleta
• Long Wavy Hair: Long Wavy Hair
• Gray Hair: Gray Hair
• Beard: Beard
• Curly: Curly
• Shoulder Length: Shoulder Height
• Bald: Calvo
• Mustache: Bigote
• Straight Dark Hair:

Phases of a File Report

Depending on the activity or inactivity of files, a file in healthcare (HC) can be categorized into three stages:

• Active Archive
• Passive File
• Historical Archive

• Active file: This is one that meets the active healthcare compliance (HHCC), i.e., records subject to continued use and consultation.
• Archive candidate: This is one that meets the inactive HHCC, i.e., one that you have to transfer from active files when a query in a time interval of 3 to 5 years is nil. These documents remain here until disposal or transfer to the historical archive.
• Historical Archive: This is where documentation is transferred from the passive file after 10 years without being consulted. These documents are kept permanently because they were not

Spain's Political Transition: Reform and Elections

Political Reform (1976)

Some heirs of Franco's regime resisted political reform, clinging to the old ways. Despite police brutality and paramilitary actions, reformers pushed the government towards change. Their project involved amending existing laws. On June 30, 1976, Arias Navarro resigned, and Adolfo Suarez, aligned with the crown's vision, took over. Suarez initiated a new style of politics, engaging with the opposition and proposing a bold political reform law.

This reform law aimed to democratize politics by establishing the state as a political organization. It proposed converting the existing courts into a Congress of Deputies and a Senate elected by universal suffrage. Future democratic... Continue reading "Spain's Transition to Democracy: Political Reform & Elections" »

The Term "Reconquista": Historiography and Tradition

Evolution of the Reconquista (790-1300)

According to some scholars^[1], the term is historically inaccurate, since the Christian kingdoms that "recaptured" the mainland were established after the Islamic invasion. This contradicts attempts by some of these monarchies to present themselves as direct descendants of the ancient Visigothic Kingdom. Instead, it suggests a desire for political legitimacy, with these kingdoms considering themselves true heirs and descendants of the Visigoths, and an attempt by Christian kingdoms (particularly Castile) to justify their conquests by claiming a bloodline to the Goths.

The term also appears confusing, especially considering that after the collapse of the... Continue reading "The Reconquista: Historical Debates and Interpretations" »

Franco's Spain: Economic Phases (1940-1975)

a) Autarky (1940s)

Francoist authorities implemented a policy favoring limited industrial production.

1941: INI (Instituto Nacional de Industria)

The INI was the Franco regime's instrument responsible for reviving industry during the post-war years. The 1940s were known as the "Years of Famine." The public estate was bankrupt with no financial reserves, leading to economic stagnation. Recovery began around 1950. The 1947 Marshall Plan did not benefit the dictatorial regime.

b) Stabilization Plan (1959) and Development

Rationing was abolished, and free pricing, trade, and movement of foodstuffs were established.

Since 1951: Negotiations with the U.S.

Negotiations began with the U.S., resulting in a Mutual... Continue reading "Franco's Spain: Economic Phases and Development (1940-1975)" »