Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Enfermedades cardiovasculares are the leading cause of death in Spain. Increased consumption of saturated fats, high-cholesterol foods, high-calorie diets, and the absence or lack of fiber and antioxidants contribute to cardiovascular risk. Neoplasias (neoplasms) are related to consumption of saturated fats and meat and derivatives.

Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes type 2 is related to energetic imbalance and dietary patterns that increase obesity risk.

Obesity

Obesity; consumption occurs because of a high-calorie diet and physical inactivity. Obesity is a metabolic disorder with an accumulation of fat in the body that produces increased weight. La WHO (the World Health Organization) sets the classification of obesity according to body mass index (BMI)... Continue reading "Nutrition for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Obesity" »

Magnetic Storage Peripherals

Magnetic storage uses a ferromagnetic layer material (disks or hard drives).

Floppy Disk Drives

Floppy disks read and record information. Key parts include:

• Engine torque mechanism
• Shaft reading heads
• Ejecting mechanism and floppy connector

Hard Disk Drives (HDDs)

HDDs use tough aluminum platters that spin at high speed. The drive writes or reads data tracks.

Methods for Storing Information

• CHS (Cylinder, Head, Sector): Information is located by knowing the face, track, and sector.
• LBA (Logical Block Addressing): Data is accessed by calling a logical block number and searching for it.

HDD Physical Structure

The physical structure consists of:

• Platters (disks)
• Heads
• Spindle motor (engine torque)
• Head displacement mechanism (DLS heads)

Modulation Techniques in Broadcast Channels

Television transmission utilizes various combinations of modulation techniques, including:

• Amplitude Modulation (AM) combined with Vestigial Side Band (VSB) and Double Sideband Modulation (DSB)
• Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
• Frequency Modulation (FM)
• Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
• Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (COFDM) for digital transmission

Pre-emphasis: Usage and Purpose

Where and for what purpose is pre-emphasis used in modulation?

In the path of the sound signal, and prior to modulation, a high-pass filter must be applied. This process, known as pre-emphasis, raises the level of high audio frequency components to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmission.... Continue reading "Broadcast Transmission Systems: Modulation, Links, and Transposers" »

Food Market Regulations

Conditions for Food Markets

1. The flooring must be non-slip and waterproof, with adequate drainage to facilitate evacuation.
2. Walls and pillars must be covered with waterproof, smooth, and easily cleanable materials.
3. Adequate natural or mechanical lighting must be provided.
4. Running water (hot and cold), sinks, and sufficient waste disposal capacity are required.
5. Measures must be in place to prevent the entry of insects, spiders, and rodents.
6. Loading and unloading should occur through separate access points.
7. Enclosed areas are required for the exclusive use of packaging waste, with immediate access to the public highway.
8. Bathrooms with toilets, separated by gender and distinct from public areas, are necessary. Mechanical ventilation

Plato & Aristotle: Conception of the Soul

Aristotle rejected Plato's dualistic theory, which posited that humans are composed of a body and soul with a radical division between these two components. For Aristotle, the soul is the principle of life, the 'act' of a living body, distinguishing it from inanimate objects.

Consequently, he argued that not only humans possess souls, but also that different kinds of souls exist, corresponding to different forms of life. Hence, Aristotle distinguished three types of souls: vegetative, animal (or sensitive), and rational. In contrast, Plato viewed the soul as a uniquely human quality, not establishing different kinds of souls but rather dividing the human soul into three parts: the rational, the spirited... Continue reading "Ancient & Medieval Philosophy: Soul, God, and Christian Thought" »

Speed: Definition and Core Concepts

Speed is the quality that allows an individual to perform motor actions in the shortest possible time and with maximum efficiency.

Phases of a Speed Race

• Reaction: The initial response to a stimulus.
• Acceleration: The phase of increasing velocity.
• Top Speed: The maximum velocity achieved.
• Resistance to Speed: The ability to maintain high speed despite fatigue.

Factors Influencing Speed

• Muscle Factors:
  • Leverage Layout: Quick movements often involve third-degree levers.
  • Muscle Capabilities: Includes muscle tone, elongation capacity, muscle viscosity, and fiber type (fast-twitch fibers are white and contract quickly; slow-twitch fibers are red and contract slowly).
• Nervous Factors:
  • Intramuscular Coordination: The ability

Key Aspects of Labor Law

ETT 1: Temporary employment agencies hire unemployed farm workers, establish contracts, and collect the SMI (Minimum Interprofessional Wage).

2nd Labor Relations:

• Staff: Must be managed by the hired individual. Delegation of this relationship is permitted.
• Voluntary: The relationship is not compulsory or forced.
• Employed: The product of labor belongs to the employer, not the worker.
• Dependent: The employee is subject to the employer's discipline and direction.
• Compensation: The worker receives a salary in exchange for their work.

3rd The Trial Period: The employer assesses the worker's professional attitude, and the worker evaluates working conditions. It must be in writing. Duration: 6 months for qualified workers, 2 months... Continue reading "Key Aspects of Labor Law: Contracts, Agreements & Regulations" »

Factors Influencing Technique Appropriateness

The appropriateness of group techniques depends on several factors: objectives, group maturity and training, group size, time, member characteristics, and the animator's expertise.

A) Techniques to Enhance Participation

Gift of Joy

Objective: To foster trust, value individuals, and encourage positive group dynamics. Participants write positive messages to each other.

Discussion

Objective: To stimulate communication, tolerance, and teamwork. Participants exchange ideas on a previously discussed topic from different perspectives.

Seminar

Objective: To acquire knowledge through discovery. The group deeply discusses a topic, researches it, and presents a final report.

Phillips 6/6

Objectives: To promote participation... Continue reading "Group Dynamic Techniques: Participation, Planning, and Organization" »

Purpose and Scope

1. The purpose of this Instruction is to determine the installation requirements of transformers, autotransformers, reactors, rectifiers, and capacitors. The components covered by this Instruction shall meet the requirements of applicable European Directives as set out in Rule 6 of the Low Voltage Electrotechnical Regulation.

General Installation Conditions

2. Installation of the components covered by this Instruction shall meet, as appropriate, specifications of the premises (or locations) where connections are to be installed. The connections of these components shall be carried out with appropriate connection elements for the materials being joined, i.e., in the case of aluminum windings, with bimetallic connectors. These... Continue reading "Installation Requirements for Electrical Components" »

Vehicle Tires: Types, Components, and Care

Tire Construction and Design Variations

Tires come in various designs, including those with a deep base, symmetrical, and asymmetrical treads. Some designs are removable, such as semi-flat or split-rim types composed of two halves and sectors.

Tires can be categorized by their internal structure:

• With Inner Tube: These tires utilize an inner tube and valve to ensure air tightness within the interior.
• Tubeless: These tires do not require an inner tube, instead featuring a rubber lining inside the tire casing to maintain air pressure.

Key Tire Components

The main components of a tire include the bead (talon), sidewall (flank), shoulder, tread (top), centering cord, and rubber coating.

Tire Construction Methods

• Diagonal