Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Vocational training

The Marquis of Santillana

The Marquis of Santillana was a great promoter of 15th-century culture. Besides his literary work, the Marquis was interested in investigation and criticism, and he elaborated a history of Spanish literature, as well as the first book of Castilian proverbs. Throughout his life, he surrounded himself with intellectuals and humanists, such as his secretary, Juan de Mena. All that kept him abreast of literary fashions and trends, especially Italian. In this sense, the Marquis of Santillana is considered the introducer of Italian forms in Spain. To him should be attributed the first sonnets in Castilian, a hitherto unknown composition, and that a century later would be the favorite of Renaissance poets. His work, 42 Sonnets

Cell Cycle and Division

The cell cycle includes the period from when a cell is formed until it divides, resulting in new cells. It has two main stages: Interphase (initial, long duration) and Division (final, short, resulting in two daughter cells).

1. Interphase: This stage includes DNA duplication and consists of three phases: G1, S, and G2. During interphase, the cell nucleus is called the interphase nucleus.

• G1 Phase: mRNA and protein synthesis occurs. The cell has one diplosome (two centrioles). At the end of G1, there is a restriction point (R point), after which the cell is committed to completing S, G2, and M phases.
• S Phase: DNA replication occurs once the cell has reached sufficient size, synthesized essential proteins, and has enough

Decoration of the Chapels of Santa Maria Maggiore

Sistine Chapel

Sixtus V kneels in the Chapel of the Nativity, with its Greek cross plan and very rich pictorial decoration, led by Giovanni Guerra and Cesare Nebbia. The decoration of the dome is more traditional from the compositional point of view. The scallops represent the ancestors of Christ, monumental in foreshortening and use of color, influenced by Michelangelo.

Vatican Library - Sixtus V

Domenico Fontana. The influence of Pompeian painting will remain in the world of Italian painting. This painting is going to acquire a decorative character and will cover the walls.

Chapel of Paul V

Il Cavaliere D'Arpino, whose name was Giuseppe Cesari d'Arpino, knighted by Pope Clement VIII, is one of the... Continue reading "Mannerism to Baroque: Italian Painting & Architecture" »

Decision-Making in Organizations

Decision: Decision-making is the process of making a selection between two or more courses of action with different outcomes, in order to reach the optimal choice.

Types of Problems

• Structural: Related to organizational structure.
• Situational: These appear sporadically, outside of the usual operations.

Typologies

• Individual: Taken by a single person.
• Group: Taken by several people.

Le Moigne's Levels of Decision-Making

• Level 1: Decisions made by the upper hierarchical level of the company.
• Level 2: Reversible decisions, taken by middle management.
• Level 3: Decisions related to daily operations.

Traditional Decision-Making Approaches

• Programmable: Decisions taken on habitual matters.
• Non-Programmable: New decisions taken when

Digestive System

Main Function

The main function of the digestive system is the digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Layers of the Digestive Tract

• Mucosa: Formed by different types of epithelium depending on the zone.
• Muscularis Mucosa: Smooth muscle tissue, predominantly circular.
• Submucosa: Formed by connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
• Muscularis: Formed by 2 or 3 layers of muscle tissue.
• Adventitia/Serosa: Consists of loose connective tissue or peritoneum depending on the zone.

Parts of a Tooth

• Root: Within the alveolar bone cavity.
• Crown: External, visible part of the tooth.
• Neck: Separates the root from the crown.
• Pulp Chamber: Formed by pulp, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves.
• Dentin: Hard tissue surrounding the pulp, covered

**Chlorophyll Function**

Chlorophyll function: The process by which plants absorb CO2 for subsequent decomposition; oxygen is released by this means.

**Starch**

Starch: A polysaccharide like starch that is in seeds, tubers, and roots used by plants. It is used primarily in the food industry in the elaboration of flour.

**Taro**

Taro: A tropical plant used as a vegetable for its corm. It is also edible as a vegetable, but it is indigestible when raw due to substances in the ergastic cells of the plant. It grows where there is a lot of water.

**Corm**

Corm: A thickened underground stem with a swollen base and vertical growth. It contains nodes and bulges where the buds come out, and it is covered by layers of leaves.

**Cassava**

A perennial shrub, Cassava,... Continue reading "Understanding Essential Plant Processes and Food Crops" »

Atmosphere: Layers and Properties

The atmosphere is a gaseous and tiered layer with vertical physical properties surrounding our planet. It extends super above 1000km.

Troposphere

The troposphere extends up to 13km and contains 75% of the total mass of the atmosphere. Most atmospheric phenomena occur here, with abundant vertical flows. The lower troposphere is followed by the tropopause, a transition layer where jet streams flow, influencing weather patterns. The location and intensity of these systems change with time and latitude.

Stratosphere

The stratosphere spans from 13 to 50km. In Caracas, the isotherm is practically at its lowest point, around -40°C. This layer contains ozone (O3), which absorbs UV radiation and heats the air.

Mesosphere

The... Continue reading "Atmospheric Layers: Properties, Pressure, and Weather Variables" »

ITEM 7: Types of Dismissal

Collective Dismissal

Concurrent economic, technical, organizational, or production reasons.

• Companies with fewer than 100 employees: Minimum of 10 dismissals.
• Companies with 100 to 300 employees: Minimum of 10% of the workforce.
• Companies with 300 or more employees: Minimum of 30 dismissals.

Objective Dismissal

• Worker's inability to perform their duties.
• Lack of worker adjustment to job requirements.
• Amortization of jobs.
• Truancy.
• Lack of budget.

Disciplinary Dismissal

• Repeated and unjustified absences or lateness.
• Insubordination or disobedience.
• Verbal or physical abuse towards the employer.
• Violation of contractual good faith.
• Continued decrease in work productivity.
• Habitual drunkenness.
• Harassment based on race or other protected

Key Business Concepts

Economic Factors

Differentiating factor: Price can be a decisive factor for a product. For example, a cafeteria can be oriented based on price, class, or other demographics.

Practical Factors

Practical factors, such as comfort and confidence, can influence purchase decisions. An example of this is home delivery.

Aesthetic Factors

Aesthetic factors, like an attractive package, color, and size, can appeal to customers.

Technical Factors

Consider what unique features your product offers compared to others.

Psychological Factors

Psychological factors relate to social status and fashion.

Product

A product is anything offered for consumption in the market.

Product Levels

• Basic: The core need the consumer expects to satisfy.
• Formal: Something

పదుల పరిశీలన z అడిటర్ పుస్తకాలతో నమోదు కాబడిన వాస్తవాలను గురించి తెలియచేయును. అంతేగాని మేనేజ్మెంట్ యొక్క విధానాల గురించి దాని ఏ మూలానుగుణ్యముగా వచ్చునో తెలుసుకొనుటకు ఆధారాలుగా తీసుకొని వాస్తవాలను వెలికి తీయవచ్చును.

ప్రణాళిక విధానాలు అమలు చేయడానికి ఆడిట్ చేయడానికి వేదికలు అవసరమవుతాయి.... Continue reading "Auditor's Review: Verifying Facts and Management Practices" »