Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Issue 31: Fuel Injection Power Systems

Food for Fuel Injection

This system supplies power to the combustion engine, replacing the carburetor with a system that injects gasoline directly into the air intake. Advantages of fuel injection systems:

• High performance
• Less fuel consumption
• Fast adaptation
• Reduced pollutants

Injection can be direct or indirect. Direct injection sprays fuel directly into the cylinder, maximizing engine power but requiring higher pressure. Indirect injection sprays gasoline into the intake manifold, with a simpler installation due to lower pressure requirements. Injection can also be continuous or discontinuous.

Mechanical Fuel Injection

Mechanical injection systems are powered by the internal combustion engine or lack an actuator.... Continue reading "Fuel Injection Power Systems: Operation and Types" »

Advertisements

Advertisements use persuasion to influence the receiver. Key parts include: an image of the product (often with a related image), a short, memorable tagline, text (which may or may not be present), and the logo or monogram of the entity advertising.

Linguistic Variation

Language use differs for each speaker, even when expressing the same idea. This variation depends on age, cultural background, and origin. Three different linguistic varieties exist:

• Diatopic Varieties: Characterize speakers belonging to a specific geographical area.
• Diachronic Varieties: Identify speech features from a particular historical moment or generation.
• Diastratic Varieties: Specify a particular social class or group.

The communicative situation influences... Continue reading "Poetry and Linguistics: Exploring Language Variations" »

Differential GPS (DGPS)

The DGPS (Differential GPS) is a system that provides GPS receivers with corrections to the data received from GPS satellites in order to provide greater precision in the calculated position. It was designed mainly due to the introduction of selective availability (SA). The rationale lies in the fact that the errors produced by the GPS system apply equally (or very similarly) to the receivers close together. The errors are strongly correlated in coming receivers.

A GPS receiver fixed on the ground (reference) that knows exactly where it is based on other techniques, gets the position given by GPS, and can calculate the errors caused by GPS compared with its known position. This receiver transmits the error correction... Continue reading "Differential GPS (DGPS): How it Works and Its Benefits" »

Causes of European Discoveries

The Europeans needed to find new commercial routes to the East because, in 1453, the Turks captured Constantinople. This disrupted trade routes between Europe and the Far East.

Technical Advances

New maps, portulans, were designed especially for navigation. They drew the lines of the maritime coast and the obstacles. These indicated the shortest distance between ports using straight lines.

Portuguese Shipments

Portuguese expeditions inched forward. First, they incorporated the Madeira and Azores islands into their territories. Then, they headed south and skirted the coast of Africa. They doubled Cape Bojador and reached the Gulf of Guinea.

In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope.

Vasco da Gama arrived... Continue reading "Maritime Expansion & Pre-Columbian Civilizations" »

Psychomotor Skills: Key Definitions and Concepts

Psychomotor Discipline

Psychomotor discipline aims at the harmonious development of a person through techniques that use motor experiences, cognitive and affective, enabling the relationship with oneself and with the outside world, regardless of age. It is used in the fields of prevention, rehabilitation, and treatment.

Types of Psychomotor Approaches

• Directive or Addressed Psychomotor: Based on the application of a psychomotor test set from which the patient's difficulties and the intervention designed to overcome the deficit are identified.
• Experiential or Relational Psychomotor: A more open pedagogical vision that considers the child the manager of their own learning through spontaneous play.

Body

Building Franchise Confidence

Aspects to offer confidence over a particular franchise include acting in a specific area with dedicated centers, maintaining agreements with financial institutions to facilitate franchisee financing, and ensuring high franchisee satisfaction within the network.

Pre-Contract of Franchise Explained

As its name indicates, a pre-contract of franchise precedes the preliminary contract. It is a written document where the franchisor agrees to reserve, for a specific enterprise, the right to access the franchise in a particular area for a limited time, usually around two months.

Franchise Statements: True or False

• Both franchisor and franchisee are independent: True
• There is no specific Spanish law regulating franchises: True

Funding

Classes of Official Duties

Economic, non-economic, and social union.

A) Economic

Officials are entitled to basic pay, salary and bonuses, triennial bonuses, and additional remuneration for extra allowances, specific productivity, and gratuities.

B) Non-economic Rights

At the office, career development, appropriate treatment, dignity and privacy, leave, etc.

C) Trade Union Rights

To self-organize, to strike, and trade union participation and representation.

D) Social Rights

Contingencies and benefits in general, basic and complementary.

Duties of Officials

The duties of officials are understood as the legal obligations they have regarding the services provided in public administration.

Classes of Duties of Officials

From a moral, professional, and political... Continue reading "Official Duties and Rights in Public Administration" »

Evolution of Spanish Labor Law

The power of employers over workers and lack of unity among workers provoked many abuses.

In Spain, between 1919 and 1931, important labor law codes were first promulgated.

In 1980, the Workers' Statute law was enacted, and in 1995, the Revised Text of the Workers' Statute law was adopted.

Divisions of Law

Traditionally, law is divided into public and private, and these are subdivided in turn into different branches.

Public Law

When the state and public bodies act officially.

Private Law

Governs relations between individuals, or with the state and public agencies when acting privately.

Labor Law

Occupies an intermediate position between public and private law.

Characteristics of Labor Law

Voluntariness

The worker should be... Continue reading "Understanding Labor Law in Spain" »

The scene in the foreground, with figures, depicts Judith beheading Holofernes. The body of Holofernes extends to the bottom of the canvas. The anatomy of the naked body is rendered with absolute perfection. He is depicted as a bearded man with strong muscles. The figure of the maid is waiting with her *mantilla* extended to receive the head and take it to the camp of the Jews. Ocher and white are used to highlight the main figure, and red in the curtains serves to emphasize the importance of the character below. The rest of the room is black, with a gloomy light illuminating the figures. Details such as the earrings that the *Madeleine* had thrown down are now being used by Judith. There is realism in the figures, while the setting is eerie... Continue reading "Caravaggio's Roman Period: Masterpieces and Controversies" »

Audit Planning: Process and Objectives

Audit planning is the action plan that determines the procedures necessary to achieve the audit objectives. It is achieved by testing to obtain evidence to support the auditor's opinion, taking into account materiality and audit risk.

Audit Planning Process

During the planning process, the auditor should consider, among other things:

• A) An adequate understanding of the entity's business, the sector in which it operates, and the nature of its transactions.
• B) The procedures and accounting principles applied by the company, the consistency with which they are applied, and the accounting systems for recording transactions.
• C) The degree of efficiency and reliability initially expected of internal control systems.