Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Visual arts

To select colors, simply click on the color button. This action opens a window displaying all available colors within the Color Palette Panel.

Applying Colors to Text

To change the color of text within your document, follow these steps:

1. Select the text or text block you wish to modify.
2. Click the Fill Color option in the Properties Inspector.
3. Choose a color from the color window that appears.

Managing Color Palettes

To access and work with the Color Palette, navigate to the Window menu, then select Others, and finally Color Palette.

Creating and Swapping Color Palettes

1. Select the Mixers tab from the Color Palette Panel .
2. Choose the four base colors for your document using the fill color boxes.
3. Utilize the HSB Color Wheel on the right side of the panel

Pastels: Origin and Evolution

Pastel sticks are soft bars of dried powder made from mixing pigment with very little binder, usually gum tragacanth. The paste formed is molded into bar-like shapes.

Features of Pastels

• Pastels are mainly characterized by their brightness. Because they contain very little binder, their colors are exceptionally vibrant.
• The finished pastel painting has a soft, matte appearance. The pigment is finely shredded and delicately embedded between the fibers and grains of the support.
• Precisely because the pigments are only lightly bound to the paper's grain, if permanent colors and good quality paper are used, pastels can be one of the most permanent painting techniques, especially when protected with glass framing.
• Fixative

The Golden Rectangle Construction

The Golden Rectangle: Square and mark the midpoint (D) of one side (AB). Join the vertex (C) opposite side D. Use a compass to transfer that distance onto the initial side (D), obtaining the longest side of the rectangle (AC).

Compositional Strengths and Rules

The Four Strengths and the Law of Thirds

Strengths are obtained by drawing lines on the sides; four points (Q) are achieved that relate to the golden section.

Basic Lines of the Frame

The lines must direct the gaze toward the center of interest:

• Horizon: Unless creating a specific effect, the horizon should never divide the frame into two equal halves.
• Vertical: Often suggests the divine or spiritual element.
• Diagonal (Bias): The best resource to break monotony.

Line Projections in Descriptive Geometry

Oblique Line Projections

For oblique line projections, both the horizontal projection (r1) and the vertical projection (r2) intersect at the reference line (LT).

Frontal Line Projections

A frontal line is straight and parallel to the Vertical Plane (PV). Its horizontal projection (r1) is always parallel to the reference line (LT).

Lines Parallel to the Reference Line (LT)

For lines parallel to the reference line (LT), both horizontal (r1) and vertical (r2) projections are parallel to the LT.

Vertical Line Projections

A vertical line is perpendicular to the Horizontal Plane (PH). Its vertical projection (r2) is perpendicular to the reference line (LT).

Edge View Projections (Perpendicular to PV)

When a straight... Continue reading "Principles of Orthographic Projections: Lines and Planes in Descriptive Geometry" »

Color Fundamentals

Tone

Tone defines the very quality that has color.

Value

Value refers to when each color or tone of the color wheel is mixed with bright white or black to darken or lighten it.

Saturation

This concept represents the purity or intensity of a particular color, its brightness or dullness.

Color Mixing

Additive Mixture

It is so named because it is produced by adding the primary colors, resulting in white.

Subtractive Mixture

This is the mix where the primary subject is involved. The sum of the three primaries produces a gray or brown color, almost black.

Complementary colors are those that are opposite on the color wheel. When you mix two complementary colors, you are mixing the three primaries.

Tone Revisited

When using various color tones,... Continue reading "Understanding Color Theory: Tone, Value, and Contrast" »

Vodka Rickey

Ingredients:

• 2 ounces vodka
• 1 ounce lemon juice
• 1 cube of ice

Preparation:

1. Use a medium glass.
2. Top with soda water (Cristal or Perrier).
3. Garnish with a slice of lemon.

Vodka Saline

Ingredients:

• 1 ½ ounces of vodka
• Lemon juice
• Grapefruit juice
• Salt

Preparation:

1. Frost a round (ball) glass with lemon juice and salt.
2. Add the vodka and 2 or 3 ice cubes.
3. Top with grapefruit juice.
4. Garnish with a lemon peel.

Vodka Sour

Ingredients:

• 2 ounces vodka
• ½ ounce lemon juice
• ½ ounce simple syrup

Preparation:

1. Combine ingredients in a shaker with ice.
2. Shake well, strain into a half-filled glass.
3. Top with soda water, seltzer, Cristal, or Perrier.
4. Garnish with a slice of lemon.
5. Serve with straws.

Vodka Sour Special

Ingredients:

• 2 ½ ounces of vodka
• ½ ounce Campari
• ½ ounce cherry

Key Characteristics of Common Minerals

Mineral Identification Data Table

ABSTRACTION: A contemporary art movement that bases its aesthetic effect on pure color, pure form, and pure quality, with no figurative or imitative purpose of reality.
WATERCOLOR: Painting in which pigment is mixed with a water-soluble binder, usually gum arabic.
Still Life: A painting, usually of small size, that represents only inanimate objects: pieces of game, fruit baskets, flowers, pots, bread, and vegetables, etc.
CHIASCURO: A term that refers to the effects of light and shade in an artistic work, particularly when they are very contrasting.
LOCAL COLOR: Color without hue, defined in a very concrete manner.
Tone Color: The one that displays any of the variants in which sunlight breaks down or a mixture of two or more colors.
Primary

Visual Elements: Point, Line and Texture

The point is the smallest visual element. It is a shape and size; this configuration has texture and color as an expressive element. A point can be organized into groups with volume effects and textures.

The line is another basic element of visual expression and is defined as the mark that traces a point across a surface. It produces vertical lines of balance and lifting, while the horizontal produces a visual sensation of calm and relaxation.

Level is defined by its shape, size, color, direction and texture. Contrast, color, size and texture produce overlays and perceptual differences.

Texture is the appearance of a plastic surface: natural texture is present on the surface of elements of nature; structure... Continue reading "Visual Elements and Color Theory Fundamentals" »

Early Christian Art Characteristics

Painting

Graffiti on the walls of the catacombs, primarily religious in nature.

Christian Iconography and Symbols

• The Good Shepherd
• Dove of Peace
• Peacock
• Lamb
• Christ the Redeemer
• The Ship (Church)
• The Anchor Fish (Ichthys)

Colors and Materials

Colors: Vivid, highlighted in decoration on roofs, domes, and walls.

Sculpture: Images usually represented: The Good Shepherd and Virgins.

Topics/Materials: Sarcophagi and funerary urns made of wood and marble.

Architecture

Construction of the Basilica, consisting of:

1. Atrium
2. Rectangular room

Byzantine Art

Architecture

1. Grandeur and scale.
2. Introduction of the dome on pendentives; pyramidal capitals.
3. Greek cross basilica plan.
4. Mosaic decoration (musuvaria).

Themes: Christian themes. Materials: