Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Visual arts

The Verb To Be

• Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + complement.
• Negative: Subject + am/is/are + not + complement.
• Question: Question word + am/is/are + subject + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No, Subject + am/is/are + (not).

Using Have Got

• Affirmative: Subject + have/has got + complement.
• Negative: Subject + have/has not + got + complement.
• Question: Question word + have/has + subject + got + complement + ?
• Short answers: Yes/No, Subject + have/has + (not).

Comparatives and Superlatives

Comparatives

• -y becomes -ier (e.g., happier)
• As big as / Not as big as
• -er / More ... than ...

Superlatives

• -est / The most ...
• Irregular: Good - better - the best
• Irregular: Bad - worse - the worst
• Irregular: Far - further - the furthest

Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives

Subject

Line

Line - is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick and thin. Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal, and contour lines. (note: Ken does not list 'psychic line' - that was a 'new term' to me)

Color

Color - refers to specific hues and has 3 properties, Chroma, Intensity, and Value. The color wheel is a way of showing the chromatic scale in a circle using all the colors made with the primary triad. Complimentary pairs can produce dull and neutral color. Black and white can be added to produce tints (add white), shades (add black), and tones (add gray).

Texture

Texture - is about surface quality either tactile or visual. Texture can be real or implied by different... Continue reading "Understanding Elements of Art: Line, Color, Texture, Shape, Form, Value, Space" »

personality (adjectives

Appetizers

• Traditional French Escargot Bourguignon 13.

  Served in shell with herb garlic butter.

• Black Pearl American Paddlefish Caviar 85.

  Traditional garnitures and crème fraîche.

• Duo of King Salmon & Yellowfin Tuna Tartare 15.

  Fresh herbs, lemon, capers, sun-dried tomato, and crème fraîche.

• Warm Walnut-Crusted Goat Cheese 13.

  Grapes, peppered honey, and walnut raisin bread.

• Housemade Gnocchi 14.

  Organic vegetables, wild mushrooms, and Parmigiano-Reggiano.

• Lightly Smoked Chicken Ravioli 16.

  Beurre noisette, brunoise vegetables, Parmigiano-Reggiano, and wine sauce.

• Veal Sweetbreads 17.

  Smoked pancetta, braised endive, and black truffle sauce.

Salads & Soups

• Organic Golden Apple Salad 12.

  Belgian endive, frisée, and arugula with sherry vinaigrette,

A polygon is the portion of the plane bounded by a closed polyline. A polygon is a plane shape with straight sides. A plane is a flat surface with no thickness.
Polygons are 2-dimensional shapes. They are made of straight lines, and the shape is “closed” (all the lines connect up).

1. Circumcenter

The circumcenter is the center of the triangle’s circumcircle, one that passes through the three vertices of the triangle.
It is located at the intersection of the three side bisectors. As we already know the line bisector is the locus of all the circle centers that pass through the endpoints of a segment. As the three sides of a triangle are segments, if we draw the three side bisectors, we will get a point that will be the center of a circle that... Continue reading "Understanding Triangle Centers: Circumcenter, Incenter, Centroid, and Orthocenter" »

English Grammar Essentials

Relative Pronouns

• Who (that): Refers to a person.
• Which (that): Refers to a thing or animal.
• When: Refers to a time.
• Whose: Refers to possession (cuyo).
• Where: Refers to a place.

Omission Rules:

• You can omit who, which, that when followed by a pronoun.
• You can omit who, which, that + be when followed by a verb in the -ing form or the 3rd column (past participle).

Conditionals

• Zero Conditional: Always true.
  Structure: IF + Present Simple --- Present Simple
• First Conditional: Future possibility.
  Structure: IF + Present Simple --- will
• Second Conditional: Hypothetical situations.
  Structure: IF + Past Simple (2nd column / did) --- would
• Third Conditional: Past hypothetical situations.
  Structure: IF + Past Perfect (had + 3rd column)

Projecting Points and Shapes

Projecting points onto a plane involves rays passing through the points and intersecting the plane. These intersections are called projections. Projecting a shape involves projecting its vertices.

Projection Systems

There are two main systems of projection:

Perspective Projection

When the rays originate from a single point, the system is called perspective projection. The resulting shape is proportionally smaller or larger.

Parallel Projection

When the rays are parallel, the system is called parallel projection. The resulting shape is congruent (same shape and size). There are two variations:

1. Oblique Projection: The rays are oblique to the projection plane.

2. Orthographic Projection: The rays are perpendicular to the projection

Understanding Comics and Cartoons

Cartoons are simple drawings that are often humorous, sometimes satirical, and can be informative. A comic book is a small book or magazine that focuses on pictures to tell a story, rather than just words. If the picture is funny, we are usually talking about a cartoon. If there are multiple pictures with a more realistic style, we are referring to a comic strip or a comic book.

When we have a single image, it is used for recognition and information, like the non-verbal cartoon signs for “walk” and “don’t walk.”

Newspapers frequently feature jokes and stories presented as “comic strips” (a series of drawings).

There is a key difference between cartoon illustration and animated cartoons. Animated cartoons... Continue reading "Understanding Comics and Cartoons: Creation & Design" »

1. The Hero

• Definition: The central figure who typically exhibits goodness and fights adversity to restore harmony and justice.
• Examples:
  • Harry Potter from the Harry Potter series
  • Katniss Everdeen from The Hunger Games
  • Luke Skywalker from Star Wars
  • Wonder Woman from DC Comics

2. The Mentor

• Definition: Provides guidance, training, and sometimes magical gifts to the hero.
• Examples:
  • Gandalf from The Lord of the Rings
  • Dumbledore from the Harry Potter series
  • Mr. Miyagi from The Karate Kid
  • Yoda from Star Wars

3. The Threshold Guardian

• Definition: Tests the hero before they face great challenges; this figure can sometimes become an ally.
• Examples:
  • The Sphinx from Greek mythology
  • Severus Snape from the Harry Potter series
  • The White Witch from The Chronicles of Narnia
  • Dr.

• Spatial Prepositions

  • Above [PREP]: If something is above something else, it is in a higher position.
  • Across From [PREP]: If something is across from something else, it is on the other or opposite side.
  • Below [PREP]: If something is below something else, it is in a lower position than that thing.
  • Between [ADV]: If something is between other things, it is in the middle or separating one thing from another.
  • Close [ADJ]: If you are close to something, it is a short distance away from that thing.
  • Far [ADV]: If something is or goes far from something, it is a long distance away from that thing.
  • Lower [ADJ]: It is below something else.
  • Near [ADV]: If something is near something else, it is a short distance away from it.
  • Next To [PREP]: If something is next