Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Sort by
Subject
Level

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller: Understanding the Key Differences

Classified in Computers

Written on in English with a size of 2.45 KB

Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller

ii) Differentiate Between a Microprocessor and a Micro-Controller

Microprocessor

Definition:

A microprocessor is a central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip that performs the processing functions of a computer.

Functionality:
  • It only includes the CPU core and lacks other components like memory, I/O ports, timers, and other peripherals.
  • Requires external components like memory (RAM, ROM), input/output devices, timers, and other peripherals to function as a complete system.
Usage:
  • Primarily used in systems requiring high computational power and flexibility, such as desktop computers, laptops, servers, and high-end embedded systems.
  • Suited for applications where customization of peripherals
... Continue reading "Microprocessor vs. Microcontroller: Understanding the Key Differences" »

Human Evolution: A Journey Through Time

Classified in Medicine & Health

Written on in English with a size of 198.35 KB

SpeciesTime Period (mya)Cranial Capacity (cc)Geographic DistributionKey Features and Notes
Homo habilis2.4-1.4 (2.8)>600Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), Turkana/Baringo Basin (Kenya), Omo/Hadar (Ethiopia), Sterkfontein/Swartkrans (South Africa)Type: OH 7, KNM-ER 1813. Primitive limb proportions, small, dark supraorbital torus and sulcus, almost orthognathic, small parabolic maxilla, small zygomatics, small teeth. Primitive postcrania, long arms and short legs, slightly curved phalanges. Generally smaller morph.
Homo rudolfensis2.0-1.8750Turkana (Kenya), Omo (Ethiopia)Lectotype: KNM-ER 1470. Flatter, wider face, larger teeth, no sulcus, small supraorbital torus. More derived postcrania. Generally larger morph.
Homo erectus1.9-0.41000+Africa, China,
... Continue reading "Human Evolution: A Journey Through Time" »

Renaissance Architecture: Alberti, Bramante & Key Works

Classified in Physics

Written on in English with a size of 4.6 KB

Santa Maria degli Angeli (Florence)

(Demolished after 3 years)

  • Blended integration and relation of elements.
  • Centralized floorplan: Representing an aesthetic ideal and an expression of the order of the universe – absolute symmetry.
  • Surrounded by a world of well-proportioned beauty.
  • Relation with Villa Rotonda; centralized building as a key urban form.

Michelozzo: Palazzo Medici (Florence)

  • An urban palace where the facade is an important aspect.
  • The wall treatment softens and smooths in the upper levels, representing the wealth of the Medici family.
  • Exterior conveys solemnity, giving higher status to the city as well.
  • Features a very heavy cornice at the top.

Leon Battista Alberti: Theory and Practice

  • Had extensive contact with Florentine Humanists; friend
... Continue reading "Renaissance Architecture: Alberti, Bramante & Key Works" »

LEGv8 Architecture and Assembly Language: Key Concepts

Classified in Computers

Written on in English with a size of 239.58 KB

Performance Metrics

  • Elapsed Time: Represents overall system performance. It is the total time taken to complete a task.
  • User CPU Time: Indicates CPU performance. It is the time the task actively runs on the CPU, excluding idle time.
  • CPU Time: The time the CPU spends executing instructions, either from the task or the operating system, excluding idle time.
  • Clock Speed: 1 MHz equals 1 million clock cycles per second. 1 GHz equals 1 billion clock cycles per second.
  • Response Time: Equivalent to execution time.
  • Throughput: Equivalent to bandwidth.
  • Performance Comparison: (PerfA) / (PerfB) = (ExecTimeB) / (ExecTimeA) = n

Impact of Processor Upgrades

  • Replacing a processor with a faster one decreases response time and increases throughput.
  • Adding an additional
... Continue reading "LEGv8 Architecture and Assembly Language: Key Concepts" »

Early Hominid and Homo Evolution: A Deep Dive

Classified in Philosophy and ethics

Written on in English with a size of 4.18 KB

Early Hominid Origins and Evolution

Definition of Hominid

  • Bipedal: Walking on two feet.
  • Non-honing Dentition: While humans have non-honing chewing, primates such as gorillas have a honing complex, in which their very large canines cut food. The upper canines are sharpened against the lower third premolars.

Skeletal Evidence for Bipedalism

Foramen magnum, pelvis, knees, feet: seven steps, position of the foramen magnum, shape of the spine, shape of the pelvis, length of the leg, valgus knee, longitudinal foot arch, opposable big toe.

Behavioral Advantages of Bipedalism

This helps to identify what species they were because not many can be bipedal.

Pre-Australopithecines (7-5 mya)

Example: "Ardi"

They have provided critically important information about... Continue reading "Early Hominid and Homo Evolution: A Deep Dive" »

Kerlinger Chapter 1: science and scientific methodology.

Classified in Philosophy and ethics

Written on in English with a size of 38.41 KB

Scientific knowledge (Overview and Basic Concepts)

Common sense knowledge is important, is generalized. Scientific knowledge has many steps that must be applied to determine if the hypothesis is true or situción. Do not generalize from one case.

Knowing is an intellectual process by which a relationship between the knower (actor) and the known object (reality).

There are glances of psychology:

1) Positivists: You must show, watch for it to be valid, measure, quantify, and so on. (It is science based on evidence).

a) Post-positivist Probalan is added, it may be or not. Deductive (general to particular).

2) Phenomenology: Is the experience, emotions, phenomena. Study what is not necessarily observable. Inductive method (particular to general)

... Continue reading "Kerlinger Chapter 1: science and scientific methodology." »

Cultural Differences: Dimensions and Examples

Classified in Social sciences

Written on in English with a size of 5.34 KB

Cultural Dimensions and Their Impact

High and Low Power Distance Index (PDI) Examples

  • German Discussion & Beer: Germans tend to have strong opinions.
  • Boss in Malaysia: The boss is apparently always right.
  • Information is power: Characteristic of High PDI.
  • The communication flow: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Respect, power: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • People may: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Avoid anything: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Promotion may: Characteristic of High PDI.
  • Managers: Characteristic of High PDI.
  • Seeing: Characteristic of Low PDI.
  • Your work: Characteristic of High PDI.

Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV) Examples

  • Praise and reward: Characteristic of High IDV.
  • Focus on relationship: Characteristic of High IDV.
  • People will: Characteristic of High
... Continue reading "Cultural Differences: Dimensions and Examples" »

Romanesque Architecture: Churches, Cathedrals, and Monasteries

Classified in History

Written on in English with a size of 3.68 KB

Church of La Vera Cruz, Segovia (12th Century)

  • Centralized scheme floorplan
  • Based on Dome of the Rock & Holy Sepulchre
  • Central edicule
  • Three apses head
  • Quadrilateral bell tower
  • Twelve-sided plan
  • Two floors
  • Buttresses
  • Ribbed vault & Caliphal dome

Holy Sepulchre, Torres del Rio, Navarra (12th Century)

  • C Templarios
  • Octagonal plan
  • Tower to get to the lantern
  • Mudejar precedents
  • Arabic star-shaped dome
  • Apse in East
  • Archivolts
  • Parallel ribs
  • Stone dome
  • Pointed/midpoint arches

Templarios de Eunate Church, Navarra (12th Century)

  • External cloister enclosing the Church
  • East apse
  • Tower with spiral stairs
  • Ribs in dome pass through center
  • Octagonal plan
  • Dome starts in columns
  • Midpoint arch

Cathedrals of St. James (11th Century)

  • Central nave with barrel vaults
  • Arches and transversal
... Continue reading "Romanesque Architecture: Churches, Cathedrals, and Monasteries" »

Cisco Router and Switch Configuration: PPP, DHCP, VLAN, RIP, OSPF, EIGRP

Classified in Technology

Written on in English with a size of 4.33 KB

Cisco Router and Switch Configuration

PPP Authentication

1. User Configuration (Matching Passwords on Both Routers)

router(config)# username <hostname_remote_router> password <password>

2. Interface Encapsulation Change

router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp

3.1 Enabling PAP Authentication

router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
router(config-if)# ppp authentication pap
router(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username <local_username> password <password>

3.2 Enabling CHAP Authentication

router(config-if)# encapsulation ppp
router(config-if)# ppp authentication chap

DHCP Scope Configuration

router(config)# ip dhcp pool <POOL_NAME>
router(config-dhcp)# network <NETWORK_ADDRESS> <NETMASK>
router(config-dhcp)# default-router <GATEWAY_

... Continue reading "Cisco Router and Switch Configuration: PPP, DHCP, VLAN, RIP, OSPF, EIGRP" »

The Security Dilemma: Anarchy, Fear, and State Conflict

Classified in Philosophy and ethics

Written on in English with a size of 3.26 KB

Defining the Security Dilemma

The Security Dilemma is a situation where the increase in one state’s security (e.g., military strength) leads other states to fear for their own security. Consequently, it can lead to an escalation of tension (war/conflict) involving one or more parties, producing an outcome which no party truly desires.

Butterfield: Fear as the Ultimate Source

Herbert Butterfield argued that “the greatest war of history can be produced without the intervention of criminals; it could be produced between two powers.” He mentioned several propositions:

  • The ultimate source is fear leading states to protect themselves, deriving from the “universal sin of humanity.”
  • It requires uncertainty over others' intentions.
  • Its origin is
... Continue reading "The Security Dilemma: Anarchy, Fear, and State Conflict" »