Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and exercises for Technology for Secondary education

Electronics: Electricity is the branch that deals with the study of control behavior of electrons passing through a special circuit called electronic circuits. (example): alarms. They distinguished three stages of electronic valves termoiòniques; electronic transistors, electronic integrated circuits. The electronic circuit: The association of various electronic devices and componemnts, interrelated if the purpose of carrying out a particular function. It has several parts: input (type of electric current signal caller), signal processing, signal transmission. The type of signal can be analog and digital. (Passive elements:)The electronic components are the elements that make electronic circuits and are processing the signal enters the circuit...

Materiais Téxtiles

Os materiais téxtiles poden ser naturais ou sintéticos. As fibras naturais extráense de materias primas de orixe animal, vexetal ou mineral.

Fibras de Orixe Natural

Orixe Vexetal

Algodón: Provén do froito da planta do mesmo nome, da familia das malváceas. Aínda que a súa cor natural é branca, pode tinguirse de moitas cores. É elástico e flexible, bo illante térmico, resistente aos ácidos, lixeiro e permeable.

Liño: Obtense do talo da planta do mesmo nome, da familia das lináceas. A súa cor natural é branca ou castaña. É suave, flexible, bo condutor térmico e resistente ao cloro e á lixivia.

Esparto: Extráese das follas dunha planta herbácea. É moi resistente e tenaz. Emprégase na industria do calzado,...

1. Clonación de máquinas virtuales

ssh root@dirección

virt-clone --original ESTACION1 --name ESTACION2 --file /var/lib/libvirt/estacion2.qcow2 --mac RANDOM

Comprobarlo: virsh dumpxml ESTACION1 | grep 'mac'

2. Configuración de una red virtual

virsh net-dumpxml default > red2.xml

vi red2.xml

<name>RED2</name> (nombre)

<forward mode='nat'/> (tipo de envío; puede cambiarse a route si es enrutada o bridge si es de tipo bridge)

<bridge name='virbr2' stp='on' delay='0'/> (a dónde se asocia el switch)

<ip address='192.168.200.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> (dirección IP de la red)

<range start='192.168.200.20' end='192.168.200.254'/> (rango de IPs de la red)

virsh net-define red2.xml

virsh net-start RED2

virsh net-autostart...

Glosario técnico inglés-español

Términos generales

• Apologise: pedir disculpas
• Browser: navegador
• Beam: vigas
• Blank: blanco
• Broken: roto
• Burnt: quemado
• Cracked: agrietado
• Code: código
• Connection: conexión
• Connectivity: conectividad
• Camera CCTV: cámara de circuito cerrado
• Clarification: aclaración
• Client: cliente
• Contractor: contratista
• Corner: esquina
• Crush: aplastar
• Crushed: aplastado
• Compress: comprimir
• Diagnosis: diagnóstico
• Detail: detalle
• Deal (with): tratar con
• Destroy: destruir
• Dented: abollado
• Disconnect: desconectar
• Expand: expandir
• Edge: borde
• Evidence: evidencia
• Firewall: cortafuegos
• Freeze: congelar
• Friendly: simpático
• Fault: culpa
• Front: frente
• Gesture: gesto
• Goodwill: buena voluntad
• However: sin embargo

Términos adicionales

• Helpful: servicial
• Image: imagen
• Interfere

MPEG Compression Standards

MPEG-1

• Designed for up to 1.5 Mbit/sec.
• Standard for the compression of moving pictures and audio.

This was based on CD-ROM video applications, and is a popular standard for video on the Internet, transmitted as .mpg files. In addition, level 3 of MPEG-1 is the most popular standard for digital compression of audio—known as MP3.

MPEG-1 is the standard of compression for Video CD, the most popular video distribution format throughout much of Asia.

MPEG-2

Modal Verbs and Verb Forms

• Permission and Ability: can/could.
• Preference: would.
• Probability: may/might.
• Obligation: must/have to.
• Advice (consejo): should.
• Prohibition: mustn't/can't.
• Past continuous: I + was/were + verb-ing.
• Present perfect: I + have/has + past participle (verb-ed).

Workshop and Repair Terms

• Bodywork: chapista.
• Long lasting repairs: reparaciones a largo plazo.
• Waiting room: sala de espera.
• Store room: almacén.
• Spray booth: cabina de pintura.
• Ignition spark tester: comprobador de chispa de arranque.
• Light adjustment equipment: ajuste de luces.
• Refrigerant leak detector: detector de fugas.
• Soldering gun: pistola de soldar.
• Wheel alignment machine: máquina de alineación de ruedas.

Tools and Equipment

• Bench: bancada.
• Toolbox: caja de herramientas.

CNC and Manufacturing Abbreviations

CNC - computer numerical control

CAD - computer aided design

CAM - computer aided manufacturing

HSS - high speed steel

General Terms

EUROPEAN SECURITY POLICY - pol\u00edtica de seguridad europea

STOCK REMOVAL PROCESSES - procesos de arranque de viruta

COMPUTER CONTROLLED DEVICES - dispositivos controlados por ordenador

MACHINING TECHNOLOGY - tecnolog\u00eda de mecanizado

RUNNING - puesta en marcha

CLAMPING ELEMENTS - elementos de sujeci\u00f3n

BED - bancada

CARRIAGE - carro

JAW CHUCK - plato de garras

MAINS SUPPLY - red de suministro

INSTALLED POWER - potencia instalada

TOOLING PACKAGE - paquete de herramientas

GRIPPER - pinza

CONVEYOR - transportador

AUTOMATIC MODE - modo autom\u00e1tico

BLOCK TO BLOCK MODE - modo paso a paso

MANPOWER...

Metals

Metals: materials obtained from minerals through a transformation process.

• Extraction: depending on its nature, the metal is found together with other substances, so it must be separated from them. The ore is made up mostly of useful material and partly of waste.

• Obtaining: crush, grind and purify the ore, which can then be distinguished.

- Mineral concentration: separate mechanically.

- Reduction in a furnace: melt and separate the desired metal from the rest.

- Refining: remove impurities.

• Transformation: process used to convert metals into industrial metal products.

Pure metals: formed by a single chemical element.

Alloys: mixtures of metals, formed by a base metal and other metals.

Ferrous metals: iron and its alloys, such as steel....

Fundamental Electrical Concepts

Electric Charge: The amount of electrons or protons that possess substance. Measured in Coulombs.

Electricity: A continuous flow or movement of electrons through a material.

Electrical Quantities

• Electric Current: The load carried per unit of time. Formula: I = Q / t. Measured in Amperes (A). Direction: Flows from negative to positive.
• Electromotive Force (EMF): The potential difference between the poles of a generator.
• Electrical Resistivity: The ease or difficulty a material has in allowing electrical current to pass. Measured in Ohms (Ω).

Materials

• Conductors: Materials that allow electricity to flow (e.g., metals like silver and copper).
• Insulators: Materials that block electrical current (e.g., plastics, rubber,

Structural Fundamentals

Structure: A set of elements designed to withstand loads, preventing the body from breaking or deforming excessively.

• Stability: The center of gravity must be located at the base of the structure to prevent tipping. Stability can be increased by adding mass to the base.
• Resistance: The ability of a structure to bear stress without breaking, which depends on the quantity and type of material used.
• Rigidity: Achieved by welding joints and triangulating bar structures (the triangle is the only non-deformable geometric figure).

Internal Forces

Effort: The internal tension experienced by bodies subjected to one or more external forces. Types include: tension, compression, bending, twisting, shearing, and buckling.

Classification