Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Technology

The Importance of Drawing in Civil Engineering

Drawing is a fundamental and very important subject in Civil Engineering. A civil engineer cannot be successful without knowing how to draw. It is the language of engineers. No amount of words can convey civil engineering information as accurately and efficiently as a drawing. An architect cannot describe the plan of a house to a builder unless they draw it. They can only give a general idea using words like "single-storied, three-bedroom house," etc., but without a drawing, there is no way to build the house. This language is the easiest in the world to learn and the most precise. An object can be drawn only in one way. As a corollary, an accurate and complete drawing of an object can represent... Continue reading "Essential Drawing Tools and Techniques in Civil Engineering" »

Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three-lead electronic semiconductor device with only one junction that acts exclusively as an electrically controlled switch. The UJT is not used as a linear amplifier. It is used in free-running oscillators, synchronized or triggered oscillators, and pulse generation circuits at low to moderate frequencies (hundreds of kilohertz). It is widely used in the triggering circuits for silicon controlled rectifiers. The low cost per unit, combined with its unique characteristic, have warranted its use in a wide variety of applications like oscillators, pulse generators, saw-tooth generators, triggering circuits, phase control, timing circuits, and voltage- or current-regulated supplies.... Continue reading "Unijunction Transistor (UJT): Construction, Operation, and Applications" »

What Does a Flashing Yellow Light Mean?

1) Proceed with caution.

At Night, It's Hard to See:

1) Pedestrians.

If the Rear of Your Vehicle Starts to Skid Left, You Should:

1) Steer left.

Two Cars Come to an Intersection at the Same Time. Which of the Following is True?

1) The car 'A' turning left must yield.

Before You Leave a Parking Space, Which is Parallel to the Curb, You Should:

1) Look for traffic by turning your head.

When Two Vehicles Enter an Intersection from Different Highways at the Same Time, Which Vehicle Must Yield the Right of Way?

1) Vehicle on the left.

What Should You Do When You Are Going to Enter a Roadway from a Private Road?

1) Yield the right of way to pedestrians and roadway traffic.

The Driver's Left Hand and Arm are Extended Upward.

Landing Page Fundamentals

Types of Landing Pages

Common types include:

• Subscription
• Long-copy
• Single-product
• Multi-product
• Lead-generation

Note: A/B testing should be performed to test different page variations.

Essential Landing Page Elements

• Navigation: Keep it minimal or remove it to maintain focus.
• Colors: Use colors strategically to guide attention.
• Buttons: Design clear Call-to-Action (CTA) buttons.
• Images: Use professional photos and great design.
• Trust Symbols: Include guarantees, testimonials, security badges, etc.
• Forms: Remove unnecessary fields, use a clear CTA, and make the submission button stand out.
• Phone Numbers: Provide contact options if relevant.

Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO)

Optimization Factors

Consider these elements to improve conversions:... Continue reading "Optimizing Landing Pages, Conversions, and Web Analytics" »

Machining and CNC

15—Free—Tied Up---By—should---Take—Thursday—Make—Say—Then—confirm—short—On—until

16---Logistics manager—Outsource---Inventories---Competitive market---Trends---Product cycle times

17—Match these phrases diagram 1B—2E—3G—4I—5D—6A---7C—8F—9H—10J

18---Comparative Adverb---Prints faster---Runs better---Cuts worse---Get up earlier---Drives more carefully---Finished later---Work harder

19-- have—repaired---was—Isoldered—ordered—called-- haven´t had

20—Predictions---Resist---Store---Replace---Perform---Take---Send---Remove---Clean up---Wear---Stop

Possibilities 2-Steel springs. He wants them made in plastic

Exercise 4- (1 d) (2a) (3c) (4b) (5e)

21---True—False---True---False---False-... Continue reading "Machining and CNC: Processes, Techniques, and Applications" »

Topic 1. Test

• Test=prueba
• Broad=amplia
• Assess=evaluar
• Manufacture=fabricar
• Power transmission=transmisión de potencia
• Improve=mejorar

E1: Hi, I’m Ian Moore. I’m here for an interview.

E2: It’s nice to meet you, Ian. Tell me about your work experience.

E1: Well, I worked for Escribano for twelve years.

E2: What were your job duties?

E1: I assessed old engine models. Then I made suggestions to improve them.

E2: Did you design any engines?

E1: Not on my own. I designed new parts for older models.

E2: If we hire you, you’ll design new ones as well.

Topic 2. Bearings / Cojinetes

• Ball bearing=rodamiento de bolas
• Thrust roller bearing=rodamiento de rodillos de empuje
• Tapered roller bearing=rodamiento de rodillos cónicos
• Straight roller bearing=rodamiento de

Cloud Computing: An Overview

Cloud computing allows access to data and software over the internet, eliminating reliance on hard drives or SSDs. This facilitates convenient online backups of photos and private data, mitigating concerns about hardware crashes or viruses.

Cloud Provisioning

Cloud service providers invest heavily in storage hardware, data centers, and their maintenance, addressing temperature, security, humidity, hardware obsolescence, and more. Cloud provisioning encompasses various methods:

• Advance Provisioning: Clients contact providers, resources are prepared in advance, and fees are charged annually or monthly.
• Dynamic Provisioning: Resources are assigned as needed, often on a pay-per-use basis.
• User Self-Provisioning: Users purchase

Functions of the Drillstring:

• Transmits rotation to the drillbit
• Exerts weight on the bit; the compressive force necessary to break the rock
• Guides and controls the trajectory of the bit
• Allows fluid circulation for cooling and cleaning

Components of the Drillstring:

• Drillpipe
• Drillcollars
• Accessories including:

• Heavy-walled drillpipe (HWDP)
• Stabilisers
• Reamers
• Directional control equipment

The Kelly:

• Transmits rotation and weight-on-bit to the drillbit
• Supports the weight of the drillstring
• Connects the swivel to the uppermost length of drillpipe
• Transmits drilling fluid from the swivel into the drill string

The Top Drive:

A combined rotary table and Kelly mounted on the rig's swivel, assisting in pipe handling during operations.

Drilling Problems:

• Pipe Sticking
• Lost

Mechanism Classification

Mechanisms can be classified based on their function:

• Transmission of Motion:
  • Linear transmission (lever, pulley)
  • Rotatory transmission (gears and belt drive)
• Transformation of Motion:
  • Rotatory-linear (wheel, crank)
  • Reciprocating rotatory-linear (cam, crank and rod)
• Motion Control:
  • Direction control (ratchet and freewheel)
  • Speed reduction (brake)
• Energy Accumulation:
  • Absorption/dissipation (spring)
• Connection:
  • Linkage (clutch)
  • Support (plain bearing)

Energy and Work in Mechanisms

Mechanisms seem to increase force, but they cannot create energy on their own. All mechanisms produce the same amount of work that is done to them, including energy that is lost to friction and heat. If a mechanism increases force, it must decrease motion.... Continue reading "Principles of Mechanism and Motion Transfer" »

What is Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)?

CAE formalizes ideas through computer modeling and then fabricates the models into real-world objects through CAD and CAM.

What is Computer-Aided Reverse Engineering (CARE)?

CARE works in the opposite direction. CARE creates a computer model of an object through measurements of the object as it exists in the real world. CARE is the reversal of CAE.

What is a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)?

• Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) are a practical means for characterizing and inspecting free-form surfaces.
• Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) first appeared in the early 1960s.
• A CMM consists of a probe supported on three mutually perpendicular (x, y, and z) axes, and each axis has a built-in reference standard.