Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Technology

Seat: The difference between forward and aft draft (CPP - CPR). An aproppriate seat is a positive seat.

Offset: The maximum volume of water displaced, equivalent to the weight of the ship with its load.

Tonnage: A measure of a ship's volume, recorded in Morson tons. 1 Morson ton = 2.83m³ = 100 cubic feet.

Scuppers: Holes in the shell plating on the deck, allowing water to drain overboard.

Sea Chests/Sea Suction: Cooling water inlet valves.

Sternpost Horn: The tube at the forward face of a bow thruster is called the horn.

Portholes: Side openings for light and ventilation.

Hatches: Internal access openings on the ship's deck.

Skylights: Openings on the deck to provide light and ventilation.

Bollard Bitt: A piece of iron or steel used for securing ropes.... Continue reading "Key Naval Technology Terms and Definitions" »

VLAN Configuration and Troubleshooting

Common VLAN Issues and Solutions

VLAN Mismatch

Problem: RTA uses the same sub-interface for VLAN 20 and VLAN 30.

Solution: Ensure each VLAN is assigned a unique sub-interface.

Adding VLANs

Problem: How to add VLAN 10?

Solution: Switch1(config)# vlan 10

Incorrect VLAN Tagging

Problem: The dot1Q encapsulation command contains the wrong VLAN for PC1 and PC2.

Solution: Verify and correct the VLAN tag in the dot1Q command.

Trunk Mode Verification

Problem: Network admin verification: Gi1/1 is configured as trunk mode, but Gi1/1 is in the default VLAN.

Solution: Ensure Gi1/1 is correctly configured for trunk mode and assigned to the appropriate VLANs.

Inter-VLAN Communication

Problem: Communication between VLANs is not working.... Continue reading "Network Troubleshooting and Configuration Guide" »

Telecommunications Glossary: Key Terms and Definitions

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

ISDN is a network defined by international standards.

• ISDN Basic Access: Consists of two 64 Kbps channels and one 16 Kbps channel for signaling to the plant.
• ISDN Primary Access: Provides access to 30 basic channels (2 Mbps).
• Broadband ISDN: Refers to ISDN when the rate exceeds 2 Mbps.
• Narrowband ISDN: Refers to ISDN with speeds ranging from 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps.
• Channel B: ISDN data transmission channel at 64 Kbps.
• Channel D: ISDN signaling channel at 16 Kbps.
• TR1: ISDN Network Termination.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

ADSL is a broadband service with different rates for upstream and downstream data.

• Microfilter: Low-pass filter for ADSL to allow

Key Factors in Kitchen Design

Designing an efficient and hygienic kitchen requires careful consideration of several factors. These include:

• Zoning: Separating areas for different functions (e.g., dirty vs. clean, hot vs. cold).
• Accessibility: Ensuring easy access to all areas.
• Flexibility: Designing adaptable spaces.
• Product Design: Utilizing useful and well-separated equipment.

Food Safety and Witness Samples

Witness samples are portions of each prepared dish that are stored for a specific period. In Castilla La Mancha, establishments serving over 200 diners must retain individual portions, clearly marked with the date and name. These samples should be stored for:

• 4 days at 4°C (chilled)
• -18°C (frozen)

Health Authority Requirements (ASF)

The health... Continue reading "Kitchen Design: Key Factors for Efficiency and Hygiene" »

Automation and Control Systems

The main elements of a structure, motor circuits, actuators, control devices, regulatory, and other control mechanisms are often referred to as having an authoritarian system of automation and control.

Types of Automated Machines

Machines can be classified according to:

• Technology Involved: They can be electric, mechanical, etc.
• Complexity: Based on the number of pieces they comprise.
• Level of Automation: How dependent they are on human intervention.

Based on the level of automation, they can be:

• Machines Without Automation

  Control is done manually.

• Fixed Cycle Automatic Machines

  Concrete operations are repeated over and over again in the same way. Modification is needed to change the cycle.

• Programmable Machines

  Similar to

Project Methodology

1. Identifying and Defining the Problem: Before solving the problem, it is important to analyze the situation to accurately detect it.
2. Investigate and Seek Information: Sometimes the problem can be solved using knowledge and imagination, but on other occasions, it will be necessary to investigate how to find information on different sources (books, magazines, internet, etc.) to solve it.
3. Find Possible Solutions: A way of doing this is by brainstorming. All group members share their ideas for some time.
4. Choice of Solution: To choose the solution that solves the problem in the easiest, safest, and most economical way.
5. Design: For this, the first sketches are made of what is to be built. These plans should contain all the design details

BT06 Bare Conductors Specifications

Breaking Load:

410 daN

Braces and Struts:

1400 daN

Ultimate Safety Factor

• Metallic: 1.5
• Reinforced Concrete: 2.5
• Wood: 3.5
• Non-metallic: 2.5

1. Isolated Conductors

• Cables Perched

  • Distance from floor: 2.5m
  • Windows: 0.3m top, 0.5m bottom and sides
  • Balconies: 0.3m top and bottom, 1m sides

• Tension Cables

  • Ground distance: 4m
  • Mechanical strength: 800 daN

2. Bare Conductors

• Distance from ground: 4m

• On the Roof

  • Flat parallel: 1.8m if connected to ground, 1.50m otherwise
  • With inclination of 45 degrees: can be reduced to 1m

• Terraces and Balconies

  • Flat parallel: 3m

• Facades

  Protection zone limited to:

  • Plane parallel to the wall at 1m from windows or balconies, further limited by:
    • Plane parallel horizontal top: 0.30m
    • 2 vertical planes, one on each

Understanding Materials: Plastics and Building Essentials

Plastics: Properties, Types, and Applications

Plastics are versatile, man-made materials, predominantly derived from oil. The fundamental process of creating a polymer is known as polymerization. Plastics are broadly categorized into two main types:

• Thermoplastics
• Thermosetting Plastics

Thermoplastics Explained

Thermoplastics can be repeatedly heated, molded, and reshaped. A unique characteristic of thermoplastics is their plastic memory, meaning each time they are heated, they tend to return to their original shape.

Thermosetting Plastics Explained

Thermosetting plastics are generally strong and highly resistant to heat. They undergo a permanent chemical change upon initial heating to a sufficiently... Continue reading "Plastics & Building Materials: Types, Uses, and Characteristics" »

Properties of Metals

• Electrical Conductivity
• Heat Conductivity
• Effort Resistance
• Toughness
• Ductility
• Malleability
• Solid at ambient temperature (except for mercury)
• Economical
• Heavy
• Some are magnetic
• High melting temperature

Types of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys

• Copper: Red, excellent thermal and electrical conductor, corrosion-resistant, easily welded, ductile, and malleable.
• Tin: Bluish-white, brilliant, soft steel.
• Zinc: White, very resistant to corrosion and oxidation.
• Aluminum: Brilliant white, light, non-toxic, corrosion-resistant, and less soft.
• Magnesium: Lightest, elevated cost, in liquid state it reacts violently with oxygen.
• Titanium: Very expensive, durable against corrosion, good mechanical resistance, and biocompatible.

Metalworking Processes

• Embossing:

Internet Connection Types

• Phone line
• Cable
• ADSL
• Satellite
• Mobile telephony

Wi-Fi

A Wi-Fi is a type of Internet connection that allows multiple computers to connect to the Internet without wires.

Killer Apps

In computer jargon, killer apps (killer applications) are software that exploit a technology, developing its potential and increasing the sales of hardware that supports it. Examples include PC, Macintosh, and the Boy.

Google

Google is probably the best-known and largest search engine in the world. It also has many useful programs, web applications, and tools.

Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a multilingual, free-content encyclopedia written by thousands of volunteers worldwide and sponsored by a nonprofit foundation. It includes a topical encyclopedia, almanac,... Continue reading "Internet, Software, and Communication Technologies" »