Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Technology

Seat: The difference between forward and aft draft (CPP - CPR). An aproppriate seat is a positive seat.

Offset: The maximum volume of water displaced, equivalent to the weight of the ship with its load.

Tonnage: A measure of a ship's volume, recorded in Morson tons. 1 Morson ton = 2.83m³ = 100 cubic feet.

Scuppers: Holes in the shell plating on the deck, allowing water to drain overboard.

Sea Chests/Sea Suction: Cooling water inlet valves.

Sternpost Horn: The tube at the forward face of a bow thruster is called the horn.

Portholes: Side openings for light and ventilation.

Hatches: Internal access openings on the ship's deck.

Skylights: Openings on the deck to provide light and ventilation.

Bollard Bitt: A piece of iron or steel used for securing ropes.... Continue reading "Key Naval Technology Terms and Definitions" »

VLAN Configuration and Troubleshooting

Common VLAN Issues and Solutions

VLAN Mismatch

Problem: RTA uses the same sub-interface for VLAN 20 and VLAN 30.

Solution: Ensure each VLAN is assigned a unique sub-interface.

Adding VLANs

Problem: How to add VLAN 10?

Solution: Switch1(config)# vlan 10

Incorrect VLAN Tagging

Problem: The dot1Q encapsulation command contains the wrong VLAN for PC1 and PC2.

Solution: Verify and correct the VLAN tag in the dot1Q command.

Trunk Mode Verification

Problem: Network admin verification: Gi1/1 is configured as trunk mode, but Gi1/1 is in the default VLAN.

Solution: Ensure Gi1/1 is correctly configured for trunk mode and assigned to the appropriate VLANs.

Inter-VLAN Communication

Problem: Communication between VLANs is not working.... Continue reading "Network Troubleshooting and Configuration Guide" »

Telecommunications Glossary: Key Terms and Definitions

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)

ISDN is a network defined by international standards.

• ISDN Basic Access: Consists of two 64 Kbps channels and one 16 Kbps channel for signaling to the plant.
• ISDN Primary Access: Provides access to 30 basic channels (2 Mbps).
• Broadband ISDN: Refers to ISDN when the rate exceeds 2 Mbps.
• Narrowband ISDN: Refers to ISDN with speeds ranging from 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps.
• Channel B: ISDN data transmission channel at 64 Kbps.
• Channel D: ISDN signaling channel at 16 Kbps.
• TR1: ISDN Network Termination.

ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

ADSL is a broadband service with different rates for upstream and downstream data.

• Microfilter: Low-pass filter for ADSL to allow

Key Factors in Kitchen Design

Designing an efficient and hygienic kitchen requires careful consideration of several factors. These include:

• Zoning: Separating areas for different functions (e.g., dirty vs. clean, hot vs. cold).
• Accessibility: Ensuring easy access to all areas.
• Flexibility: Designing adaptable spaces.
• Product Design: Utilizing useful and well-separated equipment.

Food Safety and Witness Samples

Witness samples are portions of each prepared dish that are stored for a specific period. In Castilla La Mancha, establishments serving over 200 diners must retain individual portions, clearly marked with the date and name. These samples should be stored for:

• 4 days at 4°C (chilled)
• -18°C (frozen)

Health Authority Requirements (ASF)

The health... Continue reading "Kitchen Design: Key Factors for Efficiency and Hygiene" »

Project Methodology

1. Identifying and Defining the Problem: Before solving the problem, it is important to analyze the situation to accurately detect it.
2. Investigate and Seek Information: Sometimes the problem can be solved using knowledge and imagination, but on other occasions, it will be necessary to investigate how to find information on different sources (books, magazines, internet, etc.) to solve it.
3. Find Possible Solutions: A way of doing this is by brainstorming. All group members share their ideas for some time.
4. Choice of Solution: To choose the solution that solves the problem in the easiest, safest, and most economical way.
5. Design: For this, the first sketches are made of what is to be built. These plans should contain all the design details

Properties of Metals

• Electrical Conductivity
• Heat Conductivity
• Effort Resistance
• Toughness
• Ductility
• Malleability
• Solid at ambient temperature (except for mercury)
• Economical
• Heavy
• Some are magnetic
• High melting temperature

Types of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys

• Copper: Red, excellent thermal and electrical conductor, corrosion-resistant, easily welded, ductile, and malleable.
• Tin: Bluish-white, brilliant, soft steel.
• Zinc: White, very resistant to corrosion and oxidation.
• Aluminum: Brilliant white, light, non-toxic, corrosion-resistant, and less soft.
• Magnesium: Lightest, elevated cost, in liquid state it reacts violently with oxygen.
• Titanium: Very expensive, durable against corrosion, good mechanical resistance, and biocompatible.

Metalworking Processes

• Embossing:

Internet Connection Types

• Phone line
• Cable
• ADSL
• Satellite
• Mobile telephony

Wi-Fi

A Wi-Fi is a type of Internet connection that allows multiple computers to connect to the Internet without wires.

Killer Apps

In computer jargon, killer apps (killer applications) are software that exploit a technology, developing its potential and increasing the sales of hardware that supports it. Examples include PC, Macintosh, and the Boy.

Google

Google is probably the best-known and largest search engine in the world. It also has many useful programs, web applications, and tools.

Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a multilingual, free-content encyclopedia written by thousands of volunteers worldwide and sponsored by a nonprofit foundation. It includes a topical encyclopedia, almanac,... Continue reading "Internet, Software, and Communication Technologies" »

Engine Cooling Systems: An Overview

The primary function of an engine cooling system is to maintain the engine within optimal temperature limits, preventing damage to components while maximizing combustion efficiency. Maintaining the correct operating temperature allows the engine to deliver peak performance. The system should enable the engine to reach its ideal temperature quickly and maintain it regardless of the ambient temperature. Insufficient temperature leads to poor fuel gasification and inadequate lubrication due to increased oil viscosity. Excessive temperature can stress cylinders, increase the risk of pre-ignition, and cause oil thinning and rapid degradation, potentially leading to deformation or galling.

Air Cooling

Air cooling... Continue reading "Engine Cooling Systems: Air vs. Water - Pros & Cons" »

Internet Logistics: Enhancing Efficiency

Logistics aims to satisfy demand under the best conditions of service, cost, and quality, managing the necessary resources to achieve these goals at the lowest possible cost. This highlights the advantage of using the Internet in logistics operations.

Understanding the Internet

The Internet is defined as a global computer network, connecting computers worldwide to exchange information. The main difference compared to other computer networks is that the Internet does not belong to any single country, government agency, or specific company. It is essentially a free network accessible from anywhere on the planet, with no restrictions on the information flowing through it. Several non-profit, hierarchical international... Continue reading "Internet Logistics: Boosting Business Efficiency and Reach" »

What is ESD?

ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) is the accumulation of electric charge on a surface. For a person to feel an ESD, it's necessary to accumulate 3000V of static electricity.

How to Prevent ESD

• Save all components in static-safe bags.
• Use grounded pads.
• Use grounded floor mats.
• Use an antistatic wrist strap when working with computers.

Types of Power Changes

• Total Blackout: Complete power outage.
• Partial Blackout: A reduction in voltage.
• Noise: Interference on the power line.
• Peak Voltage: A sudden, sharp increase in voltage.
• Overvoltage: A prolonged increase in voltage.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

An MSDS is a document that provides information about material identification, hazardous components that can affect people's health, fire hazards,... Continue reading "ESD, Material Safety, Memory Types, and Workday Structure" »