Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Technology

Computer Fundamentals

Basic Computer Scheme

Input, Process, Output.

Binary Code

Information in a PC is processed using binary code.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

A type of data storage generally located on the motherboard. It is volatile; all information is lost when the computer turns off.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

A non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The brain of the computer where most calculations take place. The CPU is the most important part of a computer system.

Motherboard

The physical arrangement in a computer that contains all the computer's components.

Analog vs. Digital Technology

In analog technology, information is translated into electric pulses of varying amplitude. In digital technology,...

Construction and Engineering Terminology

Redesign (rediseño): Designing again in order to improve or change a design.

Regulations (Regulaciones): Laws and standards that a design must comply with, for example, safety regulations and quality standards.

Scale (Escala): The ratio between the size of items shown on a drawing and their actual size (in reality).

Schedule (horario): A list of planned activities or things to be done showing the times or dates when.

Set of (conjunto de): Collection/group.

Sketch (Boceto): A rough drawing of initial ideas, also used when production problems require engineers to amend design details and issue them to the workforce immediately.

Slab (Losa): The block of concrete that makes up a floor. It can be laid on the ground...

Search Engine Functions: Crawling, Indexing, Publishing

Crawling

The process by which search engine robots (also known as spiders or web crawlers) discover new and updated web pages and add them to the search engine index. They achieve this by performing an algorithmic scan to determine which pages to crawl, then follow links to interconnect content across the web.

Indexing

Once a document or web page is located, it is processed and stored in a vast database, making it available for user retrieval. Search engines maintain large data centers where their robots process all the pages and information gathered during crawling.

Serving Search Results

The primary goal of search engines is to provide an almost immediate and relevant answer to the user's...

What are Gears?

Gears are mechanical elements designed to transmit turning movements.

Characteristics of Gears

Two main characteristics define a gear:

1. Number of Teeth (Z): This characteristic represents the number of teeth on a gear.
2. Rotational Speed (N): This characteristic represents how fast a gear rotates.

Gear Ratios and Speed Control

Different Number of Teeth

Using gears with different numbers of teeth allows us to modify a machine's rotational speed. If the output gear is larger than the motor gear, it will rotate slower. Conversely, if the output gear is smaller, it will rotate faster.

Same Number of Teeth

If two gears have the same number of teeth, they will rotate at the same speed.

Motor Gear vs. Output Gear

In a gear pair:

• The motor gear initiates

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Seed Drill - Jethro Tull

He perfected a horse-drawn seed drill in 1700 that economically sowed the seeds in neat rows (1714). He later developed a horse-drawn hoe.

Four Crop Rotation - Lord Townshend

Flying Shuttle - John Kay

The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It allowed a single weaver to weave much wider fabrics, and it could be mechanized, allowing for automatic machine looms.

Spinning Jenny - James Hargreaves

The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution. It was invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire,...

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Fibreboard. 1:50

Dimensiones paneles (general 120x150x0.8). Tornillos a 8cm (menos en la unión dos paneles que es a 4cm) del margen y entre ellos 28 en horizontal y 16 en vertical. Railes de unión de paneles ancho 10 raíl interior de panel ancho 5. General Fastening detail side view. Continuous T 80/100 mm alumninium profile with a thickness of 2mm. Fastened to the L 50/100 spacer (penetra 10cm en muro). Plaster thermal insulation wall plug (penetra 10cm) Ventilated gap 0.8cm thickness board + 19.5cm hasta mortero de limpieza (1cm). 0.8+4+10+5+0.5 General Fastening detail top view. En T tornilllos distribuidos 4+0.8+4. Alu profile (V-profile 0.6mm) para sostener superiormente el panel. Window detail side view. 2layers of mineral wool termal...

What is the Internet?

The internet is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks. When you connect your computer to the internet via your Internet Service Provider (ISP), you become part of the ISP's network.

The World Wide Web Explained

The World Wide Web (WWW or 'web' for short) is the part of the internet that you can access using a web browser, such as Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, or Firefox. It consists of a large number of web servers that host websites. Each website normally consists of a number of web pages, which can contain:

• Text
• Images
• Video
• Animation
• Sound

Understanding Intranets

An intranet is a network that works like the internet but is only available within a particular organization, not to the public. An intranet may have...

Mechanisms: Transmitting Force and Motion

Mechanisms are devices used to transmit and convert forces and motion from a driving force or input to an output.

a) Levers

A lever is a rigid bar that is supported by a fulcrum. When a lever is balanced, it complies with the Law of the Lever:

F × d = R × r

Force (F) and Resistance (R) can be measured in Newton [N] or kilograms [Kg], but both must always be in the same unit.

There are 3 kinds of levers according to the position of the Force (F), Resistance (R or Load), and Fulcrum (P or pivot):

• Class 1: Force – Fulcrum – Resistance
• Class 2: Force – Resistance – Fulcrum
• Class 3: Fulcrum – Force - Resistance

b) Pulleys

We will study three kinds of pulleys:

Fixed Pulley

A fixed pulley is a wheel that has...

English Grammar Essentials for Technical Communication

Past Simple Tense

Regular Verbs

• Affirmative (+): Infinitive + -ed (e.g., walked)
• Negative (-): Did not (didn't) + Infinitive (e.g., didn't walk)
• Interrogative (?): Did + Subject + Infinitive? (e.g., Did you walk?)

Irregular Verbs

• Affirmative (+): Irregular Verb (Past Form) (e.g., go/went)
• Negative (-): Subject + Did not (didn't) + Infinitive (e.g., He didn't go)
• Interrogative (?): Did + Subject + Infinitive? (e.g., Did she go?)

Future Simple Tense

• Affirmative (+): Will + Infinitive (e.g., will work)
• Negative (-): Will not (won't) + Infinitive (e.g., won't work)
• Interrogative (?): Will + Subject + Infinitive? (e.g., Will they work?)

Future with "Be Going To"

• Affirmative (+): Am/Is/Are + Going To + Infinitive

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