Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Technology

Ferrous Metals

Iron minerals from the Earth's surface undergo different processes to obtain pure iron and its alloys: steel and cast iron.

Percentage of Carbon:

• Pure Iron: The concentration of carbon is between 0.008% and 0.03%.
• Steel: Between 0.03% and 1.76%.
• Cast Iron: Between 1.76% and 6.67%.

Pure Iron

Advantages: Good magnetic properties. Disadvantages: Melts only at high temperatures; difficult to machine. Uses: Electronics and electrical components.

Cast Iron

Properties: Very hard and resistant. Uses: Machine parts, lamps, pistons, drain covers.

Steel

Properties: Very hard and resistant; easy to weld. Uses: Construction, boats, tools, screws, domestic appliances, etc.

Metallurgy

Iron metal is washed to eliminate any impurities. It is crushed and sieved... Continue reading "Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals: Properties & Uses" »

The Importance of Drawing in Civil Engineering

Drawing is a fundamental and very important subject in Civil Engineering. A civil engineer cannot be successful without knowing how to draw. It is the language of engineers. No amount of words can convey civil engineering information as accurately and efficiently as a drawing. An architect cannot describe the plan of a house to a builder unless they draw it. They can only give a general idea using words like "single-storied, three-bedroom house," etc., but without a drawing, there is no way to build the house. This language is the easiest in the world to learn and the most precise. An object can be drawn only in one way. As a corollary, an accurate and complete drawing of an object can represent... Continue reading "Essential Drawing Tools and Techniques in Civil Engineering" »

Unijunction Transistor (UJT)

A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three-lead electronic semiconductor device with only one junction that acts exclusively as an electrically controlled switch. The UJT is not used as a linear amplifier. It is used in free-running oscillators, synchronized or triggered oscillators, and pulse generation circuits at low to moderate frequencies (hundreds of kilohertz). It is widely used in the triggering circuits for silicon controlled rectifiers. The low cost per unit, combined with its unique characteristic, have warranted its use in a wide variety of applications like oscillators, pulse generators, saw-tooth generators, triggering circuits, phase control, timing circuits, and voltage- or current-regulated supplies.... Continue reading "Unijunction Transistor (UJT): Construction, Operation, and Applications" »

Industrial Robots: Definition and Applications

An industrial robot is an automatic manipulation machine, programmable with three or more axes, capable of positioning or orienting materials to execute diverse tasks. Its primary functions include:

• Manipulation: The main robot task is to move a part from one place to another, often for:
  • Assembling
  • Packaging
  • Machine tending
• Processing: The robot performs operations on a part, transforming it through processes such as:
  • Welding
  • Spray application
  • Cutting

Service Robots: Examples and Functions

Service robots are designed to assist humans in various non-industrial settings. Examples include:

• Telesurgery
• Assistance for dependent people
• Companionship and entertainment
• Medication dispensing

Technical Specifications: Catalogs

Understanding the Internet

The Internet is known and loved by everyone (except those who are still waiting for something to download) and it is the biggest growth area in technology at the moment. The Internet is an international network of computers.

It is basically a very big Wide Area Network of computers. It was originally developed by the U.S. Government to improve communication between its military computers. In the beginning, only government "think tanks" and a few universities were linked. It was an emergency military communications system.

How the Internet Functions

1. Most people access the Internet using a PC connected to a normal telephone line. Computers are attached to a telephone line via another piece of kit called an ADSL modem or

Tunnel Boring Process

1. Cutting the Rock Surface. The face of the cutter rotates about seven times a minute, and the teeth cut large circles into the surface of the rock.
2. Collecting the Rocks. Pieces of the rock fall to the ground, and when the cutter face rotates upwards, the rocks fall onto conveyor belts.
3. Moving the Cutter. Hydraulic cylinders push the body of the cutter slowly forwards. The steel shoes move outwards and grip the tunnel walls, while two legs push down and lift the machine off the floor.
4. Supplying the Electricity. The power is connected to the cutters by means of a 13,800-volt cable.
5. Strengthening the Roof. When the machine moves forwards, holes are drilled into the roof of the tunnel, and then the holes are filled with bolts and

Landing Page Fundamentals

Types of Landing Pages

Common types include:

• Subscription
• Long-copy
• Single-product
• Multi-product
• Lead-generation

Note: A/B testing should be performed to test different page variations.

Essential Landing Page Elements

• Navigation: Keep it minimal or remove it to maintain focus.
• Colors: Use colors strategically to guide attention.
• Buttons: Design clear Call-to-Action (CTA) buttons.
• Images: Use professional photos and great design.
• Trust Symbols: Include guarantees, testimonials, security badges, etc.
• Forms: Remove unnecessary fields, use a clear CTA, and make the submission button stand out.
• Phone Numbers: Provide contact options if relevant.

Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO)

Optimization Factors

Consider these elements to improve conversions:... Continue reading "Optimizing Landing Pages, Conversions, and Web Analytics" »

Machining and CNC

15—Free—Tied Up---By—should---Take—Thursday—Make—Say—Then—confirm—short—On—until

16---Logistics manager—Outsource---Inventories---Competitive market---Trends---Product cycle times

17—Match these phrases diagram 1B—2E—3G—4I—5D—6A---7C—8F—9H—10J

18---Comparative Adverb---Prints faster---Runs better---Cuts worse---Get up earlier---Drives more carefully---Finished later---Work harder

19-- have—repaired---was—Isoldered—ordered—called-- haven´t had

20—Predictions---Resist---Store---Replace---Perform---Take---Send---Remove---Clean up---Wear---Stop

Possibilities 2-Steel springs. He wants them made in plastic

Exercise 4- (1 d) (2a) (3c) (4b) (5e)

21---True—False---True---False---False-... Continue reading "Machining and CNC: Processes, Techniques, and Applications" »

Topic 1. Test

• Test=prueba
• Broad=amplia
• Assess=evaluar
• Manufacture=fabricar
• Power transmission=transmisión de potencia
• Improve=mejorar

E1: Hi, I’m Ian Moore. I’m here for an interview.

E2: It’s nice to meet you, Ian. Tell me about your work experience.

E1: Well, I worked for Escribano for twelve years.

E2: What were your job duties?

E1: I assessed old engine models. Then I made suggestions to improve them.

E2: Did you design any engines?

E1: Not on my own. I designed new parts for older models.

E2: If we hire you, you’ll design new ones as well.

Topic 2. Bearings / Cojinetes

• Ball bearing=rodamiento de bolas
• Thrust roller bearing=rodamiento de rodillos de empuje
• Tapered roller bearing=rodamiento de rodillos cónicos
• Straight roller bearing=rodamiento de

Cloud Computing: An Overview

Cloud computing allows access to data and software over the internet, eliminating reliance on hard drives or SSDs. This facilitates convenient online backups of photos and private data, mitigating concerns about hardware crashes or viruses.

Cloud Provisioning

Cloud service providers invest heavily in storage hardware, data centers, and their maintenance, addressing temperature, security, humidity, hardware obsolescence, and more. Cloud provisioning encompasses various methods:

• Advance Provisioning: Clients contact providers, resources are prepared in advance, and fees are charged annually or monthly.
• Dynamic Provisioning: Resources are assigned as needed, often on a pay-per-use basis.
• User Self-Provisioning: Users purchase