Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Social sciences

Introduction to the 1896 Labor Document

This text details the concerns and protests of workers against mandatory barracks living and canteen purchases. While the author is not explicitly named, it is widely attributed to a leader of the socialist party, UGT. Written in 1896, this document is considered a primary source of significant historical importance.

Historical Context of Late 19th Century Spain

At the time of this document's creation, Spain was undergoing a period of Restoration. Economically, agriculture held significant importance, contributing to a degree of national backwardness due to adherence to traditional practices. Concurrently, the nation was beginning its process of industrialization.

Economic Legislation and Worker Associations

Regarding... Continue reading "Workers' Rights and Labor Protests in 1896 Spain" »

Geopolitics: Space and State Organization

Geopolitics studies how society is organized in relation to geographic space. It focuses on how states exercise their sovereignty, their relations with other states, and their interactions with supranational organizations.

The State's Right to Power

The fundamental powers of the state include:

• Establishing and ensuring compliance with laws.
• Protecting the territory.
• Collecting taxes.
• Regulating public services and infrastructures.
• Running and regulating the economy.
• Establishing international relations with other states.

Types of State Governance

Democratic Systems

• Constitutional Monarchy: The highest authority is the King or Queen, usually hereditary. The monarch's power is limited by the constitution, and they

Categories of Countries Receiving Special Attention

• Least Developed Countries (47 countries)
• Landlocked Developing Countries (32 countries)
• Small Island Developing States

Commissions

• Trade and Development Commission
• Investment, Enterprise and Development Commission
• Commission on Science and Technology for Development (CSTD)

The International Labor Organization (ILO)

The ILO is devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labor rights. It was established in 1919 and became the first specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. It has 187 members.

Key Issues

• Youth employment
• Social protection
• Decent work and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

Strategic Objectives

• Promote and realize standards and rights at work.

Clara Campoamor and Women's Suffrage in 1931

This text is a transcription concerning the right of women to vote and their inclusion in the new Spanish Constitution. Its author is Clara Campoamor, a lawyer and member of the Partido Republicano Radical (Radical Republican Party). It was written on September 1, 1931, during the constitutional process of the Second Spanish Republic.

The Second Republic: Constitutional Context

The 1931 elections resulted in a preference for the Republic over the Monarchy, leading King Alfonso XIII to permit the formation of a Republican government. A provisional government was constituted, presided over by Niceto Alcalá-Zamora. This government called for general elections and began drafting a new constitution.

The... Continue reading "Clara Campoamor: Winning Women's Suffrage in Spain 1931" »

Globalization: Economic Impacts and Global Dynamics

This report aims to explain the significant impacts that globalization has had on the global economy. We will first delve into the core concept of globalization, followed by an examination of its specific effects on developed countries. Subsequently, the most important advantages and disadvantages of globalization will be outlined. Finally, a comprehensive conclusion will be presented, summarizing the key findings.

Defining Globalization

Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that also encompasses significant social and cultural aspects. It involves the international flow of goods, services, capital, technology, and data. Furthermore, it represents the increasing interaction... Continue reading "Globalization's Economic Footprint: Impacts on Nations" »

Essential English for Travel and Socializing

Common Phrasal Verbs

• Go out: salir fuera
• Freshen up: lavarse
• Eat out: comer fuera
• Check in: registrarse
• Meet up with: quedar con alguien
• Show someone around: To act as a guide for someone in a new place; enseñar un lugar.
• Pick someone up: To collect someone, typically in a vehicle; recoger a alguien.
• Drop someone off: To take someone to a place and leave them there; dejar a alguien.

Useful Travel Nouns

• Sightseeing: Visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist.
• Conference: A large meeting where people with the same work or interest come together.
• Venue: The place where a conference or a big event is held.
• Facilities: Space, equipment, and services provided.
• Nightlife: Things to do in the evening.

Vocabulary

NORMS AFFECTING TRANSLATION: According to Toury Preliminary norms (which includes translation policy and directness of translation) Operational norms (Matricial norms, Textual-linguistic norms).

Teleworking, also known as remote work, has become more relevant in recent years due to the accelerated digital transformation that the world of work has experienced. This modality of work refers to the possibility of carrying out tasks from any place that has Internet access, allowing employees to have more flexibility in terms of hours and geographic location.

Among the benefits of teleworking are the reduction of costs for the company in terms of infrastructure and services, the reduction of travel time for employees, the possibility of working with professionals from anywhere in the world and the improvement of the reconciliation between work and personal life. Additionally, it can be a viable option for people with disabilities or travel... Continue reading "How do computers affect the way people work spend free time?" »

Chartism Movement (1838-1848)

Between 1838 and 1848, the British labor movement engaged in political action through Chartism. This movement in England sought to pressure Parliament by collecting signatures in support of certain letters which claimed specific rights. In one of these, in 1838, a democratic program based on universal male suffrage was defined. Chartism organized strikes, but the movement failed because of repression, internal divisions, and the defeat of the revolution of 1848 in Europe.

Workers met in republican and leftist organizations in favor of universal male suffrage. After that revolution, socialist doctrines began to create class parties, exclusively for workers.

Utopian Socialism

Utopian socialism is a term that designates... Continue reading "British Chartism and Utopian Socialists" »

Introduction

This study examines the origins and development of new technologies, exploring their impact on both businesses and society.

Origin of New Technologies

The technological boom of the 1990s, marked by the birth of the internet and the end of the Cold War, laid the foundation for the rapid advancement of new technologies. This period ushered in an era of globalization, with economies worldwide striving for technological and economic progress. The emergence of advanced computers with operating systems like Windows NT, 95, 98, XP, and iOS revolutionized business operations by streamlining administrative processes.

Effects of New Technologies on Society

Technological advancements have significantly impacted society, particularly in the realm... Continue reading "Impact of New Technologies on Business and Society" »