Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Secondary education

DEMOCRACY:

A political system in which people choose their leaders by voting for them.

• Freedom: Is the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants. (Es el poder o el derecho de actuar, hablar o pensar como uno quiera.)
• Power of division: The political power is divided to avoid having a single group that governs: Legislative, executive, judicial. (El poder político se divide para evitar tener un solo grupo que gobierne: Legislativo, Ejecutivo, Judicial.)
• Equality: We are all equal under the law. The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, or opportunities. (Todos somos iguales ante la ley. El estado de ser igual, especialmente en estatus, derechos u oportunidades.)
• Representative:  People take part in politics by voting for

The Sydney Opera House is a modern building located in Sydney, New South Wales. It is one of the 20th century's most famous and distinctive buildings.

Design and Inauguration

The Sydney Opera House was designed by Danish architect Jorn Utzon. It was inaugurated on 20 October 1973. The building is an expressionist construction with a radically innovative design, consisting of a series of large prefabricated shells that form the roofs of the structure. The walls are made of brick and concrete. The theatre consists of rooms where people can enjoy several performance venues, including a concert hall, drama and studio theatre, and a Utzon room.

An Incredible Experience

In my opinion, although I have never been there, enjoying the surroundings of the

Government's Role in the Economy

One of the roles of most governments is to provide a range of public services. This might include:

• Healthcare
• Education
• Defence
• Care for the elderly
• Child protection
• Policing
• Refuse collection
• Judicial system
• Transport networks

Taxation and Fiscal Policy

The money raised from taxation is used by a government to help fund its spending on public services. Businesses and individuals pay taxes.

Types of Taxation

• Indirect Taxes: Levied on spending, e.g., Value Added Tax (VAT) paid when buying goods and services.
• Direct Taxes: Charged on income, e.g., income tax, corporation tax.

Fiscal Policy Defined

Fiscal policy involves using changes in taxation and government expenditure to manage the economy.

Government Influence on Business

Abiogenesis

Process through which life appeared from non-living matter, such as simple organic molecules.

Cyanobacteria

Photosynthetic organisms responsible for the existence of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Homologous Organs

Organs that share an evolutionary origin and structure, but may have different functions. They evidence divergent evolution. Examples: whale and bat extremities.

Analogous Organs

Organs with the same function but different evolutionary origins. They evidence convergent evolution. Examples: insect and bird wings.

Vestigial Organs

Organs that are disappearing because they are no longer useful. Examples: kiwi and cassowary wings.

Evolutionary Lineage

Fossils show progressive transformations, providing evidence of evolution and allowing... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Evolutionary Biology" »

Vocabulary

Feelings

Amusing: divertit
Annoying: molest
Confusing: confús
Embarrassing: vergonyós
Fascinating: fascinant
Frightening: aterridor
Frustrating: frustrant
Inspiring: inspirador
Irritating: irritant
Motivating: motivador
Relaxing: relaxant
Upsetting: molest
Worrying: preocupant

Technology Actions

Browse: navegar
Charge: carregar
Mute: silenciar
Plug in: endollar
Press: prémer
Scroll: lliscar (dalt baix)
Swipe: lliscar (esquerra dreta)
Switch off: apagar
Switch on: encendre
Tap: tocar
Update: actualitzar

Other Verbs

Invite: convidar
Warn: advertir
Spread: difondre
Express: expresar
Squeeze: apretar

-ed/-ing Adjectives

-ed: el que sento (how you feel)
-ing: situació (context) (the situation)
Example: embarrassed (jo avergonyida), embarrassing (situació vergonyosa)... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Guide for Technology" »

While performance appraisal is a sound concept in theory, its practical application doesn't always proceed smoothly. For effective performance, employees need clear goals, useful feedback, and timely intervention when issues arise – not six months later.

Understanding Performance Management

Performance management is a continuous process of identifying, measuring, and developing the performance of individuals and teams, aligning their efforts with the organization’s overarching goals.

Total Quality Management (TQM) and Performance Appraisal

Total Quality Management (TQM) programs integrate all business functions and processes. This ensures that every aspect, including design, planning, production, distribution, and field service, aims to maximize... Continue reading "Optimizing Employee Performance: Strategies for Effective Management" »

Gas Exchange

Blood is circulated to the lungs to obtain oxygen. This happens in the alveoli. Air entering the lungs has a higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than the air that the lungs release. The blood exiting the lungs has a higher oxygen concentration and a lower carbon dioxide concentration than when it enters. The amount of nitrogen remains constant. Oxygen passes through the alveolar wall. These gases traverse the membrane of the cells by diffusion.

What Happens Inside the Alveoli?

The total surface area of the lungs' alveoli is enormous. Each alveolus is surrounded by many tiny blood vessels called capillaries, and the wall is extremely thin.

Microorganisms in the Air

Upper respiratory illnesses like... Continue reading "Human Biology: Respiration, Microorganisms, and Nutrition" »

Fundamentals of Geography: Core Concepts

Geography is the study of the Earth's surface, focusing on the spatial distribution of phenomena and their relationships.

Key Geographical Concepts

• Location: Where a geographical phenomenon is situated.
• Scope: The extent of its location in time and space.
• Causality: The factors that cause or influence the phenomenon.
• Relationships: How the phenomenon relates and connects to other phenomena.

Three Branches of Geography

• Physical Geography: The study of the causes and development of natural phenomena on Earth (e.g., water, climate, flora).
• Human Geography: The study of the causes and consequences of human activity on the Earth or the anthropic environment (e.g., economics, urbanization).
• Regional Geography: The study

Nutrition: The digestive system (introduces food and transforms it), respiratory system (obtains O₂ and eliminates CO₂), circulatory system (transports nutrients and oxygen), and excretory system (releases waste substances outside the organism). Digestive System The gastrointestinal tract (about 8 meters long, starts in our mouth and ends at our anus) consists of the following parts: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The mucus, produced by an inner cell called the mucous membrane, creates a lubricant substance called mucus. Accessory glands include salivary glands, the liver, and the pancreas. Digestion: This is the process by which foods are transformed into nutrients. Mechanical processes (like... Continue reading "Understanding the Human Digestive and Respiratory Systems" »

Ancient Greek Music

Time passed, and Mediterranean culture became dominant in the ancient world, particularly in Greece. Greek mathematicians and scientists discovered patterns and created formulae to define them. This explains how Greeks approached music, from a very mathematical perspective, but also a religious one.

• Apollo

  Music was originated from the god Apollo. Music influenced human actions and thoughts. It was believed that music could cure illnesses and modify behaviors.

• Discoveries

  Pythagoras discovered some basic intervals. Later on, they discovered different effects on the listener. The Greek world agreed that music should be an important part of education.

• Orpheus and Eurydice

  Orpheus was a poet and musician, a great master of the lyre,