Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Common Knee Injuries

Knee Plica

Fetal knee development involves three chambers that typically merge into one. The internal walls (plica) separating these chambers may persist. While often asymptomatic, the medio-patellar plica is most prone to causing issues. Symptoms can mimic meniscus injury, leading to catching and locking sensations.

Patellar Subluxation and Dislocation

Occurs at the patellofemoral joint, with lateral dislocations being the most common.

Knee Joint Dislocation

Occurs at the tibiofemoral joint and often involves tears of the MCL, ACL, LCL, and joint capsule.

Patellar Tendon Rupture

A complete tear of the quadriceps or patellar tendon, typically at its attachment to the patella.

Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries

• Medial

Knee Anatomy and Common Conditions

Leg Length Discrepancy

• Anatomical (True): Leg length difference from structural changes in the femur or lower leg.
• Functional (Apparent): Legs are equal in length but appear or feel shorter due to muscle imbalance, hip issues, etc.

Q-Angle

• Measured from the ASIS to the patella center, then from the tibial tubercle to the patella center.
• Normal: 10 degrees for males, 15 degrees for females.
• Greater angles may cause patellar tracking issues.

A-Angle

• Patellar orientation to the tibial tubercle.
• Angle >35 degrees may relate to anterior knee pain.

Tibial Torsion

• Rotation of the tibia on the femur.
• Medial: Feet point inward.
• Lateral: Feet point outward excessively.

Patellar Tendon Issues

Patellar Tendinopathy

• Also known as Jumper'

Explain the differences and concerns with performance measures

Different types of Performance Measures. 2 types of measures:

• Objective Measures: quantitative and based on counts of behaviors or outcomes. Ex: number of students in a class, multiple choice exam.
• Subjective Measures: qualitative and based on judgments from raters.

Explain the value of using multiple sources for performance appraisal ratings

Common Problems with Performance Measures (1/2) Rater Errors. Rating errors occur when:

1. Raters provide assessments that follow an undesirable pattern.
2. The rater does not properly account for factors that might influence assessments.

A common error is central tendency error, which is the pattern of placing almost everyone in the middle of the scale.... Continue reading "Performance Measures, Appraisals, and Compensation Practices" »

Describe various approaches to job design

Job design focuses on determining what tasks will be grouped together to form employee jobs. There are four general approaches to grouping work tasks: mechanistic, motivational, perceptual, and biological.

1. Mechanistic Approach:
   • Job design is viewed from the perspective of creating an efficient machine that transforms labor inputs into goods and services.
   • Industrial engineers often use analyses designed to find the work methods that take the least time, such as Time and Motion studies.
2. Motivational Approach:
   • The motivational approach is aimed at increasing employees' enjoyment of their work and thus increasing their effort.
   • Jobs are designed not simply to get work done as quickly as possible, but also to provide

Steps in the Job Analysis Process

1. Determine who will do the analysis and get top management buy-in the process.

2. Choose jobs that are critical to the success of the company and have a sufficient number of employees in them.

3. Review what has already been written about the job. One important source of information is the Occupational Information Network.

4. Select job agents, people who will provide job information, such as incumbents (people currently doing the job), supervisors, or job analysts (experts).

5. Collect job information through interviews, questionnaires, and observations.

Job Analysis Techniques

Job analysis interview: Face-to-face meeting with the purpose of learning about a worker’s duties and responsibilities.

Job analysis questionnaire:... Continue reading "Job Analysis Process: Steps, Techniques, and Results" »

Common Homophones

• I'll, isle, aisle
• Eight, ate
• Bear, bare
• Be, bee, b
• Blue, blew
• Break, brake
• Buy, by, bye
• Sell, cell
• Sent, cent
• Dear, deer
• Die, dye
• Fair, fare
• Flee, flea
• Flower, flour
• Guest, guessed
• Heal, heel
• Hear, here
• Hole, whole
• Our, hour
• In, inn
• Its, it's
• New, knew
• Not, knot
• No, know
• Made, maid
• Male, mail
• Meet, meat
• Night, knight
• Pear, pair, pare
• Pale, pail
• Pray, prey
• Rain, reign, rein
• Real, reel
• Write, right, rite
• Road, rowed, rode
• Peace, piece
• Roll, role
• Sale, sail
• Sea, see, c
• Site, sight, cite
• Sore, soar
• Sole, soul
• Sun, son
• Stare, stair
• Steak, stake
• Steal, steel
• Tale, tail
• Through, threw
• To, too, two
• Vein, vain, vane
• Waste, waist
• Wait, weight
• Way, weigh
• Week, weak
• Would, wood
• Chord, cord

Globalization and Culture

• Americanized/global brand: A word known worldwide.
• Way of life
• Brain drain: Fuga

GNP/GDP 4 elements:

Available for sale securities - are debt and equity securities that are neither held for trading, held to maturity, nor held for strategic reasons.

Business combination - purchase of more than 50% ownership of the investee’s stock.

Consolidated financial statement - Combined financial statements from parent and subsidiary company.

Cost method - Investment of less than 20% of the investee’s outstanding stock.

Debt securities - Notes and bonds that pay interest and have a fixed maturity date.

Dividend yield -measures the rate of return to stockholders, based on cash dividends.

Equity method - Investments between 20%-50% of the outstanding stock.

Equity securities - Are preferred and common stock that represent OWNERSHIP in a company and DO NOT

English Irregular Verbs: Spanish Translations

He fleshes out the story of the Trojan horse in book 3: the subsequent assault on Troy by the Greeks, the defeat of the Trojans, and Aeneas’ escape with his comrades and family, ending with their departure by ship for their destined new nation.

Book 3 serves to narrate the travels of Aeneas and his heroes through thick and thin against all odds, ultimately arriving in Sicily where his father Anchises dies. After the funeral games, Aeneas sent his people by ship to Italy only to be driven in the opposite direction to Carthage by Juno’s storm. There she wishes to unite our Trojan hero with Queen Dido to prevent him from reaching his destiny.

Having told the entire tale all night long to Dido and her nobles, Aeneas ends his story at the end... Continue reading "The Epic of Aeneas: Virgil's Artistic Genius and Innovation" »