Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar Rules

Key Vocabulary and Spanish Translations

Below is a list of important English terms and phrases with their corresponding Spanish meanings:

• Unable to read: No poder leer / Incapaz de leer
• Leave permanently: Salir / Marcharse definitivamente
• Think of: Pensar en / Considerar
• Defend: Defender
• Obligatory: Obligatorio / Obligatoria
• No fear: Sin miedo (Literal) / Ni lo pienses (Idiom: Don't even think about it)
• Go to: Ir a
• Review: Revisar
• Brand-new: Sin estrenar
• Record: Anotación
• Pay attention: Prestar atención
• Compulsory: Obligatorio
• No trace of: Sin rastro de
• Cheat: Copiarse
• Stand up for: Salir en defensa de alguien
• Attend: Ir a / Asistir
• Ridiculous: Ridículo
• Motivated: Motivado
• Used to (Past habit): Soler
• Courage: Valor

Short Profile for a Social Website

Write a short profile about yourself for a social website. Make it interesting! Write at least ten lines.

Hello, my name is Ayrton Méndez Pila. I'm 21 years old, I am of Ecuadorian nationality and I have lived in Murcia since I was 11 years old. I have a little sister.

Interests and Hobbies

I really like animals, especially dogs. I have two dogs called Kyra and Laky. I like sports and my favorite sport is football. I am a Barcelona fan and my favorite player is Luis Suárez. I also like bikes and I am a follower of Marc Márquez.

Work and Studies

I have been working at a gas station for eight months, while I am still studying to improve. I would like to continue studying veterinary medicine at university.

Complete

Tema 2 y 3

Translate

Simple Present vs. Present Continuous:

• Corto (He cuts) - Ahora corta (Now she's cutting)
• Cortaba (He was cutting) - Ha estado cortando (He has been cutting)

Present Perfect vs. Present Perfect Continuous:

• Ha cortado (He has cut) - Está acostumbrado a cortar (He is used to cutting)
• Suele cortar (He usually cuts) - Se acostumbrará a cortar (He'll get used to cutting)

Past Simple vs. Used to:

• Solía cortar (He used to cut) - Ahora dispara (Now she is shooting)
• Disparó (He shot) - Disparaba (He was shooting) - No solía disparar (He didn't use to shoot)

False Friends/Cognates

• Assist/ayudar = To help (not evacuate)
• Realize/ver, darse cuenta = To understand or become aware of (not panic)
• Advise/consejo = To give advice (not receive)

Rewrite

1. We

Understanding Disability Insurance

Before Purchasing Disability Insurance

• Review your employer’s plan.
• Determine if your union or professional organization pays disability benefits.

How Much Disability Coverage Do You Need?

Estimated required disability payments can be calculated as:

(Total monthly expenses × 120%) – (Non-wage reliable household income)

Group vs. Individual Disability Plans

• Group disability rates are not always the most economical because higher-risk and lower-risk individuals are grouped together in the plan.
• Lower-risk individuals can benefit from an individual plan because they may receive a lower premium.
• Higher-risk individuals may be able to obtain coverage through a group plan that they could not obtain with an individual

Disability Insurance: Income Protection & Coverage Options

What is disability insurance?

Disability insurance — Replaces all or part of your income if you cannot work because of disability.

• Underinsurance problem
  • Disability insurance is the largest category of basic insurance for which Americans are underinsured.
  • People mistakenly believe that other insurance they carry will protect them in case of long-term disability.

Elimination Period

Elimination period — A clause in your insurance policy that specifies how soon after the disability the policy will begin to pay benefits.

• A longer elimination period substantially reduces the premiums on disability insurance.

Financial Strategies

• Live below your means
• The two-career family

Reducing Risk of Disability

Reducing

Transforming Sentences

Exercise 1

Lucy rarely gets less than 90 percent in her Language exam.

RARE

It is rare for Lucy to get less than 90 percent in her Language exam.

Exercise 2

Peter is normally very talkative, so I'm surprised he was so quiet. LIKE

I'm surprised that Peter didn't say much because it's not like him to be so quiet.

Exercise 3

My daughter never asks when she borrows my clothes! ALWAYS

My daughter is always taking my clothes without asking!

Exercise 4

I can't wait to meet the President! FORWARD

I'm really looking forward to meeting the President!

Exercise 5

The boys had to wash their hands before having lunch. MADE

The boys were made to wash their hands before having lunch.

Exercise 6

There is no need for you to help me with the washing up.... Continue reading "Mastering English Grammar: Practice Exercises" »

A Childhood Robbery

When Gaizka and I were little, about eleven years old, we used to go out in the evenings to play in a park. We often met up with Ane's little brother, whose name is Peio. We had a great time every afternoon playing ball in that park.

But one day, while the three of us were in the park, a man approached and asked us the time. We told him, and then he demanded our cell phones. We tried to move away, but the man took out a knife, held it to my chest, and said, "Give me the phone, or I'll stab you."

Finally, we gave him the phones, and he disappeared. The next day, we went to the police to report the incident. After a few days, they called Gaizka and me, telling us they had arrested him and that we needed to go testify. Gaizka... Continue reading "Childhood Robbery & Summer with a Soccer Star" »

Studying Abroad: Benefits and Drawbacks

Most students are tired of routine and want to continue studying, but in other places. Therefore, studying abroad could be a way to break the routine for many students and learn new things. Are there more advantages than disadvantages to studying abroad?

On the one hand, not everyone can afford to study abroad. Firstly, the price of accommodation is getting higher, which makes it difficult for some families to pay for this expense. Also, if the student does not work, their parents have to pay for everything. Secondly, studying abroad can be hard, as it separates you from your loved ones, friends, and family for a long time. If you do not master the language of the country well, it will be difficult to relate... Continue reading "Study Abroad, Sixth Form, or Vocational Training?" »

The Abolition of the Transatlantic Slave Trade

The campaign to abolish the transatlantic slave trade and, subsequently, the institution of slavery itself, was driven by a confluence of economic, humanitarian, and moral-religious factors.

Key Figures in Abolition

Three prominent figures were instrumental in the movement to end slave trafficking:

• James Ramsay: Advocated for abolition primarily on economic grounds. He argued that greater financial prosperity could be achieved through the exchange of goods rather than the trade of enslaved people.
• Olaudah Equiano: Championed abolition from a humanitarian perspective, emphasizing the inherent unethical nature of slavery. His personal narrative powerfully illustrated the human cost of the trade.
• William