Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

English Verb Tenses

Simple Tenses

Present Simple

Example: I cook dinner.

Past Simple

Example: She cooked dinner.

Continuous Tenses

Present Continuous

Example: I am waiting for my sister.

Past Continuous

Example: He was waiting for his sister.

Perfect Tenses

Present Perfect Simple

Example: I have read the note.

Past Perfect Simple

Example: He had read the note.

Present Perfect Continuous

Example: She has been studying English.

Past Perfect Continuous

Example: She had been studying English.

Past Tenses Comparison

Note: Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous do not change.

Future

Ancient Greece: Core Characteristics

Political Structure

The Greek world was never politically unified. City-states (c/s) maintained their own governments and fiercely defended their independence, leading to endless rivalry and frequent wars.

Forms of Government

• Monarchy: Government where a king exercises central power.
• Aristocracy: Government ruled by noble leaders who were elected. Initially, the power of the king shifted to the noble class, who defended the king but eventually won power themselves.
• Oligarchy: Government ruled by a small, powerful elite. This group challenged landowning nobles for power and came to dominate the city-states.

Economy, Religion, and Society

• Economy: Based primarily on settlers and traders.
• Religion: Polytheistic, centered

Essential English Vocabulary for Professionals

Workplace Nouns (English to Spanish)

• Chatterbox: parlanchín
• Deadline: fecha límite
• Knowledge: conocimiento
• Overtime: horas extras
• Privilege: privilegio
• Rise: aumento
• Shift: turno
• Staff: plantilla
• Stuff: cosas
• Team player: jugador de equipo

Key Verbs for Career Development

• Challenge: desafiar
• Commute: viajar diariamente
• Fire: despedir
• Flourish: florecer
• Freelance: autónomo
• Presume: suponer
• Promote: promocionar
• Propose: proponer
• Raise: obtener
• Resign: rendirse (or dimitir/renunciar)
• Switch: cambiar

Professional Adjectives

• Accomplished: realizado
• Assertive: firme
• Conscientious: concienciado
• Devoted: dedicado
• Experienced: experimentado
• Pushy: avasallador
• Reliable: fiable
• Rewarding: reconfortable
• Self-employed: autónomo
• Skilled:

Sam's Unexpected Visit to France

July 14th in France

Sasha and Annie, roommates in France, were eagerly anticipating a visit from Sasha's old friend from America, Sam. Sasha, a fitness enthusiast, and Annie were particularly excited about this American visitor.

A Letter and a Knock at the Door

Annie received a letter from Sam, stating his intention to visit that day. A knock came, but it wasn't Sam. It was Nico, the boy next door who had a crush on Sasha.

Sam's Strange Arrival

When Sam finally arrived, he didn't make a good first impression. His clothes were odd, and his behavior was peculiar.

Cars, Houses, and Misunderstandings

Sam talked about his cars and his 22-room house. The girls mistook the cars for toys and the house for a museum.

Nico's Mischief

Annie... Continue reading "A Misunderstood Friend: Sam's French Adventure" »

The Origin of New Species

The changes that living things experience as time passes lead to the creation of new species. In this long and complex process, there are 4 stages:

1. Production of Evolutionary Changes in Populations

This happens because natural selection favors some individuals and not others. As a consequence, the new populations are different from the original ones, although they still belong to the same species.

2. Genetic Isolation of the New Population

So that a new species can evolve, it is essential that the members of the new population do not reproduce with those of the previous population. In other words, they become independent and stop sharing genetic information with the original population.

3. Gradual Differentiation

After... Continue reading "The Origin of New Species and Human Evolution" »

Smith v. VanGorkom

-Business Judgement Rule

-Unocal/ Enhanced BJR

No Shop Clause

•Van Gorkom outlined the terms of the Pritzker offer as follows:

• Pritzker would pay $55 in cash for all outstanding shares of Trans Union stock upon completion of which Trans Union would be merged into New T Co., a Pritzker subsidiary formed to implement the merger

•for a period of 90 days, Trans Union could receive, but could not actively solicit, competing offers; (868)

Outside Valuations

Java Generics: Methods and Classes

Java Generics enable programmers to specify, with a single method declaration, a set of related methods, or with a single class declaration, a set of related types, respectively. Generics also provide compile-time type safety, which allows programmers to catch invalid types at compile time, preventing runtime errors.

Generics Example: ArrayList

Consider the following example demonstrating generics with an ArrayList:

1. import java.util.*;
2. class TestGenerics1 {
3.   public static void main(String args[]) {
4.     ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
5.     list.add("rahul");
6.     list.add("jai");
7.     // list.add(32); // compile-time error if uncommented
8.     String s = list.get(

Crime and Punishment

• Crime doesn't pay - El que la hace la paga
• Shape - Forma
• Turn up - Aparecer/aumentar
• Gaze - Mirar
• Raise - Levantar
• Unfolded - Desdoblado
• Barely - Apenas
• Appointment - Cita
• Hand - Dar
• Lost track of - Pista perdida de
• Lean on - Apoyarse
• Scar - Cicatriz
• Steady - Estable
• Reassure - Asegurar
• Brought up - Levantar/mencionar
• Are going on
• Turn in
• Gave away
• Put down
• Back up
• Take out
• Mugger - Agresor
• Con artist - Estafador
• Pickpocket - Carterista
• Shoplifter - Ladrón
• Get caught - Quedar atrapado
• Let off - Dejar ir
• Proof - Prueba
• Safeguard - Salvaguardar
• Fine - Multa
• Gets away with - Salirse con la suya
• Guilty - Culpable
• Trial - Juicio
• Valuables - Objetos de valor
• Ran off with - Escapar
• Breaking into - Entrar ilegal

Money and Finance

• Cost an arm and a leg - Cuesta demasiado
• Well

Redi's Experiment
1668, Francesco Redi demonstrated that the maggots found in rotting meat came from fly’s eggs
1.     Redi placed pieces of meat in the same jars
2.     The first he left open, the second one he covered with some fabric and the third he covered with a cork
3.     The three jars were left in the same place and after a few days he saw that there were maggots in the first two jars but not the third one

Pasteur’s Experiment
Louis Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms were not created from spontaneous generation.
1.     Pasteur placed meat soup in two flasks and bent their neck into an S-shape
2.     He sterilised the liquid by heating it and after two weeks saw that it didn’t decompose
3.     He

Expert systems

have four major components. Which of the following is not one of the four?

• Interference motor

Major categories of E-commerce

include all of the following except which one?

• Business to department (B2D)

Computing environment

that is always present and is capable perceive the surroundings and offer recommendations based on individual need and requirement is known as:

• Contextual computing

AI application

includes Bots, Virtual agents, and Intelligent virtual agents. Which of the following best describes this AI technology?

• Intelligent agents

Application used in all the functions of a business

which supports decision making throughout the organization is known as___

• Enterprise system

Four phases of the decision-making process

in a typical organization... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Information Systems and Technology" »